加拿大《利益冲突法》研究

发布时间：2018-09-13 11:45

【摘要】：腐败是世界各国都存在的现象，没有哪个国家和地区能完全杜绝腐败。在透明国际2011年公布的全球清廉指数排名中，中国排在第75名，而加拿大却排在前10名之列，算得上全球最清廉的国家之一。要有效地解决腐败问题，必须从其源头——“利益冲突”出发。《联合国反腐败公约》对各国预防腐败提出了一定的要求。加拿大已经颁布了一系列的防止利益冲突，预防腐败的法律、法规，逐渐形成了一套防止利益冲突的法律制度。但是，我国针对防止利益冲突，预防腐败还没有专门的法律，现有的一些散见于其他法律文件中的相关法律条文也存在立法位阶不高，，处罚力度不够，不具有普适性等弊端。因此，急需对加拿大《利益冲突法》进行全面解读，以推进我国利益冲突法的立法研究。加拿大政府于2006年颁布的《利益冲突法》是一部专门针对公职人员利益冲突防治的法案。该法主要包括术语、利益冲突规则、对前公职人员适用的规则、资产剥离制度、保密报告制度、公开声明制度、公共登记制度、行政货币惩罚制度等条款。该法与《加拿大公共服务的价值与伦理规范》、《公职机关利益冲突和离职规则》、《信息取得法》、《信息公开法》、《证人保护计划法》、《加拿大外国公职人员腐败法案》等法律法规相辅相成，形成了加拿大防止利益冲突的法律体系，使加国公职人员的腐败行为得到了有效的预防和控制。综观我国防止利益冲突的立法现状，我国还缺乏一部专门法律，且与利益冲突有关的法律在实施中存在法律位阶不高、术语界定模糊、主体规定不全面及处罚措施的可操作性差等缺陷。因此，我们应结合我国的具体国情并借鉴加拿大等国家先进立法经验，尽快制定适合我国国情的防止利益冲突专门法律。
[Abstract]:Corruption is a phenomenon all over the world, no country or region can completely eliminate corruption. China ranked 75th in Transparency's 2011 global cleanliness index, while Canada ranked in the top 10, one of the world's cleanest countries. In order to solve the problem of corruption effectively, we must start from its source, "conflict of interest". The United Nations Convention against Corruption has put forward certain requirements to prevent corruption in all countries. Canada has enacted a series of laws and regulations to prevent conflicts of interest and corruption. However, in order to prevent conflicts of interest, there is no special law to prevent corruption, and some existing relevant legal provisions scattered in other legal documents also have disadvantages such as low legislative rank, insufficient punishment and lack of universality. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a comprehensive interpretation of the conflict of interest Law in Canada in order to promote the legislative study of the conflict of interest Law in China. The conflict of interest Act, enacted by the Canadian Government in 2006, is a law specifically aimed at the prevention of conflicts of interest of public officials. The law mainly includes terms, conflict of interest rules, rules applicable to former public officials, asset stripping system, confidential reporting system, public declaration system, public registration system, administrative monetary penalty system and so on. The Act and the values and Ethical norms of the Canadian Public Service, the conflict of interest and Separation rules for Public offices, the Information access Act, the Information Disclosure Act, the Witness Protection Plan Act, the Canadian Foreign Public officials Corruption Act, etc. Laws and regulations complement each other, The formation of Canadian legal system to prevent conflicts of interest, so that the corruption of public officials in Canada has been effectively prevented and controlled. In view of the current situation of legislation to prevent conflicts of interest in our country, there is still a lack of a special law in our country, and there is a low legal rank in the implementation of laws related to conflicts of interest, and the definition of terms is vague. The main body stipulation is not comprehensive and the punishment measure is not operable and so on. Therefore, we should combine the specific situation of our country and draw lessons from the advanced legislation experience of Canada and other countries, and make the special law of preventing conflicts of interest suitable for our national conditions as soon as possible.
【学位授予单位】：湖南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D971.1;DD912.1

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