法规范可普遍化研究

发布时间：2018-10-15 17:20

【摘要】：存在公正的法规范,是司法公正的前提。那么,怎样的法规范才是公正的? 在法律哲学史上,最早论证可普遍化原则与公正法规范之间关系的是康德。康德认为,法规范从属于道德规范,且道德规范是符合可普遍化原则的规范,因而法规范必须符合可普遍化原则;如果一项法规范不符合可普遍化原则,就不是公正的法规范。受到康德理论的启发,罗尔斯、哈贝马斯均把可普遍化原则运用到自己的民主立法理论当中。然而,二者对可普遍化原则的运用却不尽相同。前者认为,应当先得出实质化的可普遍化原则,然后再根据该可普遍化原则制定或修订法规范;后者则认为,民主立法应通过实用商谈、伦理商谈和道德商谈三个阶段进行,而可普遍化原则只应在道德商谈阶段中运用。率先把可普遍化原则运用到司法实践的是阿列克西。阿列克西认为,应当在现有的法规范秩序下,利用可普遍化原则考察作为裁判前提的法规范的公正性。此外,近年来,国内不少学者也开始尝试探究可普遍化原则在司法中的运用。然而,他们主要选取的理论工具是黑尔的可普遍化理论,而非康德可普遍化理论。在本文中,笔者将对康德、罗尔斯、哈贝马斯、阿列克西等人的可普遍化理论进行重述和整合,并且与我国当前相关理论进行商榷,希望借此引起学界对可普遍化原则的重视。
[Abstract]:The existence of just legal norms is the premise of judicial justice. So, what kind of legal norm is just? In the history of legal philosophy, Kant was the first to demonstrate the relationship between the principle of universality and the norms of justice law. According to Kant, legal norms are subordinate to moral norms, and moral norms are norms that conform to the principle of universality, so norms of law must conform to the principle of universality; if a norm of law does not conform to the principle of universality, it is not a just norm of law. Inspired by Kant's theory, Rawls and Habermas applied the principle of universality to their own theory of democratic legislation. However, their application of the principle of universality is not the same. The former is of the view that the principle of materialization of universality should be derived first, and then the legal norms formulated or amended in accordance with the principle of universality; while the latter holds that democratic legislation should be conducted through three stages: practical negotiation, ethical negotiation and moral negotiation. The principle of universality should only be applied in the stage of moral negotiation. The first to apply the principle of universality to judicial practice is Oleksiy. Oleksiy believes that the justice of legal norms should be examined by using the principle of universality under the existing legal and normative order. In addition, in recent years, many domestic scholars have also tried to explore the application of the principle of universality in the administration of justice. However, their main theoretical tool is Hale's generalization theory, not Kant's generalization theory. In this paper, the author will restate and integrate the generalizability theory of Kant, Rawls, Habermas, Oleksiy and so on, and discuss with the current relevant theories of our country, hoping to arouse the academic circles' attention to the principle of universality.
【学位授予单位】：广州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D90

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