英国藐视法庭罪的历史考察

发布时间：2018-10-16 17:28

【摘要】：英国藐视法庭罪是指英国民众或社会组织在法庭上或者法庭外用言语或者举动破坏法庭审判或损害法庭尊严的犯罪。该罪包括不同的种类和构成。一般认为它起源于12世纪英国的普通法，早在1631年就有关于藐视法庭罪的判例。经过漫长而散漫的普通法时代，直至20世纪的“泰晤士报诉英国”案直接引发了1981年英国《藐视法庭法》(Contempt of Court Act1981)的出台，标志着藐视法庭罪从普通法上的犯罪变成了制定法上犯罪。该法案对藐视法庭罪进行了系统的梳理，包括藐视法庭罪的界定标准、犯罪分类、审判程序、辩护理由等。伴随着王权的盛衰、司法独立以及新闻自由与司法独立的博弈，有力的催生了英国藐视法庭罪的诞生和形成。英国的藐视法庭罪是世界上其他类似罪名之母，是英国人对世界法治文明的贡献，同时该罪自身也蕴含了英国法律精神的精髓。一方面，司法权的独立促进了英国藐视法庭罪的形成和发展；另一发面，英国的藐视法庭罪也促进了英国司法独立原则的确立。最后，在实际的司法实践中，法庭留下了为数众多的藐视法庭罪案例。通过分析典型案例，能够加强和深化对藐视法庭罪的认识，从而描绘出英国藐视法庭罪的真实图景。本文由导言、正文和结语三个部分构成。其中，正文又分为三章。导言部分，首先从选题出发，，简要说明英国藐视法庭罪目前在国内外的研究现状。然后，笔者简略介绍了对本文有关基本概念的界定和研究的基本思路。正文部分：第一章详细的梳理了1981年以前英国藐视法庭罪的历史。在第一节中梳理了10—13世纪英国藐视法庭罪的起源；第二节梳理了14—17世纪英国藐视法庭罪的发展；第三节梳理了18世纪—1981年以前英国藐视法庭罪的完善。第二章关于英国1981年的《藐视法庭法》。主要包括英国1981年《藐视法庭法》的立法背景、立法过程、立法内容和立法评价等内容。第三章介绍了英国1981年以后藐视法庭罪的发展。第一节1998年《人权法案》以前藐视法庭罪的发展；第二节1998年《人权法案》以后藐视法庭罪的发展。结语部分是第三部分，在分析第一、二、三章的基础上进行归纳和总结，提炼英国藐视法庭罪在演变过程中给我们的启示。
[Abstract]:The crime of contempt of court in Britain refers to a crime committed by a British public or social organization in court or outside the court by using words or acts to undermine the court's trial or to impair the dignity of the court. The crime includes different types and components. It is believed to have originated in the 12 th century English common law, as early as 1631 there is a contempt of court case. After a long and loose common law era, the Times v. England case in the 20th century led directly to the introduction of the British contempt of Court Act 1981 (Contempt of Court Act1981). It marks the transformation of contempt of court from a common law offence to a statute crime. The Act systematically combs contempt of court, including the definition of contempt of court, classification of crimes, trial procedure, defence and so on. With the rise and fall of Wang Quan, judicial independence and the game between freedom of the press and judicial independence, the birth and formation of British contempt of court. The crime of contempt of court is the mother of other similar crimes in the world and the contribution of the British to the civilization of the rule of law in the world. At the same time, the crime itself contains the essence of the spirit of English law. On the one hand, the independence of judicial power promoted the formation and development of British contempt of court; on the other hand, British contempt of court also promoted the establishment of the principle of judicial independence in Britain. Finally, in the actual judicial practice, the court left a large number of contempt cases. Through the analysis of typical cases, the understanding of contempt of court can be strengthened and deepened, thus depicting the true picture of contempt of court in England. This paper consists of three parts: introduction, text and conclusion. Among them, the text is divided into three chapters. In the introduction part, first of all, from the point of view of the topic, it briefly explains the current research situation of the British contempt of court crime at home and abroad. Then, the author briefly introduces the definition of basic concepts and basic ideas of research. The first chapter combs the history of British contempt of court before 1981. The first section combs the origin of British contempt of court in 10-13 century, the second section combs the development of British contempt of court in 14-17 century, and the third section combs the perfection of British contempt of court from 18th century to 1981. Chapter two deals with the United Kingdom's contempt of Court Act 1981. It mainly includes the legislative background, the legislative process, the legislative content and the legislative evaluation of the contempt of Court Act 1981. Chapter three introduces the development of contempt of court in England after 1981. Section I developments in contempt of court before the Bill of Rights Act of 1998 and section II developments in contempt of court after the Bill of Rights Act of 1998. The conclusion part is the third part, on the basis of the analysis of the first, second, three chapters to summarize and refine the British contempt of court in the evolution of the process of inspiration to us.
【学位授予单位】：华东政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D956.1;DD914

【相似文献】