美国大学的信息公开要求及问题

发布时间：2018-11-06 18:00

【摘要】：在美国,大学信息公开的法律和政策需要面对一系列复杂的问题。美国大学,特别是公立大学的信息公开需要有效平衡三种相互竞争的利益,公众的知情权、大学保护自己学术自由和运行效率的学术自治权和教职工以及学生的隐私权。公立大学和私立大学皆基于州法设立,州一级的记录开示法是推进和保证美国公立大学信息公开的主要法律机制;同时,各个大学因为不同程度地依靠联邦政府的资助,因此也受有关信息披露的联邦法律规制。可能增加或限制州法上信息公开义务的联邦法律包括:《高等教育法》、《珍妮·克里利公开校园安全和校园犯罪统计法》、《家庭教育权和隐私权法》、《医疗保险流通与责任法》。美国大学的信息公开的方式包括主动在网络等平台上公开或依申请公开。随着社会各界力量的推动美国大学公开程度还在不断加深。
[Abstract]:In the United States, university information disclosure laws and policies need to face a series of complex issues. American universities, especially public universities, need to effectively balance the three competing interests, the public's right to know, the university's academic autonomy to protect its academic freedom and efficiency, and the right of faculty and students to privacy. Both public and private universities are established on the basis of state law, and the state record disclosure law is the main legal mechanism to promote and guarantee the disclosure of information in public universities in the United States. At the same time, universities are subject to federal laws on disclosure because they depend on federal funding to varying degrees. Federal laws that may increase or limit the obligation to disclose information under state law include the higher Education Act, the Jeanne Creely Statistics Act on Public Campus Safety and Campus Crime, the Family Education and Privacy Act, Law on Circulation and liability of Medical Insurance. The methods of disclosure of information in American universities include active disclosure on platforms such as the Internet or on application. With the promotion of social forces, the degree of university openness in the United States is deepening.
【作者单位】：耶鲁大学法学院;耶鲁大学中国法研究中心;北京大学法学院;
【分类号】：D971.2;DD912.1

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