中美企业破产重整制度比较研究
发布时间：2018-11-16 11:38
【摘要】：企业重整制度是当代破产法的发展方向和精髓,不同于其他破产制度,重整的目标在于维护企业的营运价值,减少企业破产、资源浪费、工人失业对经济和社会秩序的影响,为企业的重生提供制度路径。我国的重整制度由2007年6月1日实施的《中华人民共和国企业破产法》确立,在第8章专章对重整制度作了规定。而当今重整制度立法的楷模当属《美国破产法》第11章规定的商事重整制度。我国的重整制度从第11章程序借鉴而来,在制度的规定上具有相似性。 文章的第一章阐述了企业重整这一制度的产生历程和在本文中的界定以及制度价值。重整制度产生于经济危机之中,是经济危机下避免企业破产、职工失业等问题的应对措施。重整区别于其他破产制度的最大特征在于它指向的是企业的再生。 文章的第二章对我国和美国企业重整制度的发展历程进行了回顾。美国的企业重整制度来源于铁路企业的重整需要,最初以衡平法上的管理人制度出现,后由1938年《钱德勒法案》作了详细的规定,现行的企业重整制度由1978年《破产改革法》确立。我国可以追溯的企业拯救制度是《中华人民共和国企业破产法(试行)》中规定的整顿与和解制度,最初是为了配合国有企业改革,拯救部分国有企业。市场经济意义下的重整制度由2007年实施的《中华人民共和国企业破产法》第8章确立。 文章的第三章比较了中美两国企业重整启动制度。在适用对象上,两国都作了较为宽泛的规定。在重整原因上,美国的自愿程序没有规定重整原因,一切欲寻求解脱的企业均可申请,我国为在破产原因的基础上,另加“有明显丧失清偿能力可能”,其具体内涵有待司法机关加以明确。在申请主体上,我国的规定包括债务人、债权人、股东,较之美国更为宽泛,为重整的申请提供了灵活性。 文章的第四章比较了中美两国关于企业重整中控制权和破产保全两项制度的规定。在控制权制度上,两国采取了不同的模式,美国为DIP模式,而我国则采取了管理人模式。我国采取的管理人模式也为实践中地方政府权力的介入提供了机会。在破产保全制度上,我国的规定比较简单,可以借鉴美国的自动冻结制度,将保全的生效时间提前至申请之日,并扩大破产保全的范围。 文章的第五章比较了中美两国在企业重整计划方面的规定。在重整计划的制定上,两国都采取了重整控制权人制定重整计划的方式,而相比于我国,美国规定了重整计划制定权的补充主体,对权利的保护更为全面。在重整计划的通过机制上,美国设定了公平与公正标准、最大利益标准、填满标准等一系列标准,使各方在谈判中有明确的预期,而我国则没有对重整计划的标准作出规定,这使得谈判更加灵活。 结语部分总结了我国现行立法的不足,强调了除了立法的不完善之处外,社会经济环境是影响我国重整制度发挥作用的主要原因。
[Abstract]:The enterprise reorganization system is the development direction and essence of the contemporary bankruptcy law, and is different from the other bankruptcy system. The aim of the reform is to maintain the operation value of the enterprise, to reduce the influence of the enterprise's bankruptcy, the resource waste, the worker's unemployment on the economic and social order, and to provide the system path for the rebirth of the enterprise. The reforming system of our country is established by the Enterprise Bankruptcy Law of the People's Republic of China on June 1, 2007, and the reform system is regulated in Chapter 8. The model of the reform system of the present day is the commercial reorganization system as set out in Chapter 11 of the United States Bankruptcy Law. The reform system of our country is based on the Chapter 11 program, and has the similarity in the system. The first chapter of the article sets forth the process of the enterprise reform and the definition and the system in this paper. Value. The reform system is produced in the economic crisis, it is the response of the economic crisis to avoid the enterprise bankruptcy, the worker's unemployment, etc. The biggest characteristic of the reorganization of the other bankruptcy system is that it points to the enterprise The second chapter of the article is the development of the reforming system of Chinese and American enterprises A review is made. The enterprise reorganization system of the United States is derived from the reform needs of the railway enterprises, and the system of the management in the equity method is initially presented. The current enterprise reorganization system is changed from the bankruptcy to the bankruptcy in 1978. The enterprise saving system that can be traced back to China is the system of reorganization and reconciliation as stipulated in the Enterprise Bankruptcy Law (Trial) of the People's Republic of China, which was originally designed to cooperate with the reform of state-owned enterprises and the rescue department State-owned enterprises. The reform system in the sense of market economy is implemented by the Enterprise Bankruptcy Law of the People's Republic of China in 2007. Chapter 3 of the article compares the two countries of the middle and the United States Enterprise reform and start-up system. On the application of the object, both countries do In the reason of the reform, the United States's voluntary procedure does not provide for the reason of the reform, and all the enterprises that want to seek relief can apply. The specific connotation of our country is to add the 鈥淚t is possible to have a clear loss of liquidity鈥，
本文编号：2335412
[Abstract]:The enterprise reorganization system is the development direction and essence of the contemporary bankruptcy law, and is different from the other bankruptcy system. The aim of the reform is to maintain the operation value of the enterprise, to reduce the influence of the enterprise's bankruptcy, the resource waste, the worker's unemployment on the economic and social order, and to provide the system path for the rebirth of the enterprise. The reforming system of our country is established by the Enterprise Bankruptcy Law of the People's Republic of China on June 1, 2007, and the reform system is regulated in Chapter 8. The model of the reform system of the present day is the commercial reorganization system as set out in Chapter 11 of the United States Bankruptcy Law. The reform system of our country is based on the Chapter 11 program, and has the similarity in the system. The first chapter of the article sets forth the process of the enterprise reform and the definition and the system in this paper. Value. The reform system is produced in the economic crisis, it is the response of the economic crisis to avoid the enterprise bankruptcy, the worker's unemployment, etc. The biggest characteristic of the reorganization of the other bankruptcy system is that it points to the enterprise The second chapter of the article is the development of the reforming system of Chinese and American enterprises A review is made. The enterprise reorganization system of the United States is derived from the reform needs of the railway enterprises, and the system of the management in the equity method is initially presented. The current enterprise reorganization system is changed from the bankruptcy to the bankruptcy in 1978. The enterprise saving system that can be traced back to China is the system of reorganization and reconciliation as stipulated in the Enterprise Bankruptcy Law (Trial) of the People's Republic of China, which was originally designed to cooperate with the reform of state-owned enterprises and the rescue department State-owned enterprises. The reform system in the sense of market economy is implemented by the Enterprise Bankruptcy Law of the People's Republic of China in 2007. Chapter 3 of the article compares the two countries of the middle and the United States Enterprise reform and start-up system. On the application of the object, both countries do In the reason of the reform, the United States's voluntary procedure does not provide for the reason of the reform, and all the enterprises that want to seek relief can apply. The specific connotation of our country is to add the 鈥淚t is possible to have a clear loss of liquidity鈥，
本文编号：2335412
本文链接：https://www.wllwen.com/falvlunwen/falilunwen/2335412.html
