美国死刑适用的最新现状及走向

发布时间：2018-11-23 18:33

【摘要】：美国每年死刑执行数量虽排在世界前五位,但减少和控制死刑的适用一直是其主流,特别是近年来废除死刑已成各州追求的目标。美国保留与适用死刑存在的主要问题有:死刑司法诉讼成本过高、种族成为影响死刑适用的明显不公平因素、错案频生、死刑案件量刑程序保障的弱化、各州死刑适用极不平衡。美国废除死刑的动因主要有:国际社会的压力、国内政治因素的影响以及民众对死刑态度的转变。废除死刑后消解候决死刑罪犯的途径有以下三种:一是通过上诉的形式消解死刑;二是寻求死刑的替代性刑罚措施;三是充分利用法定的特赦或大赦的方式消解死刑犯的中止执行,进而变为死刑的终止执行。
[Abstract]:Although the United States ranks first five in the number of executions in the world every year, reducing and controlling the application of the death penalty has always been its mainstream, especially in recent years, abolition of the death penalty has become the goal pursued by the states. The main problems existing in the retention and application of the death penalty in the United States are: the high cost of judicial proceedings of the death penalty, the obvious unfair factors affecting the application of the death penalty by race, the frequent occurrence of wrong cases, and the weakening of the safeguard of sentencing procedures in death penalty cases. The application of the death penalty in the states is extremely uneven. The causes of abolishing the death penalty in the United States mainly include the pressure of the international community, the influence of domestic political factors and the change of people's attitude towards the death penalty. There are three ways to resolve the pending death penalty criminals after abolishing the death penalty: one is to eliminate the death penalty by way of appeal, the other is to seek alternative penalty measures for the death penalty. The third is to make full use of the legal amnesty or amnesty to eliminate the suspension of execution of the death penalty, and then to terminate the execution of the death penalty.
【作者单位】：吉林大学法学院;美国杜克大学;
【基金】：国家留学基金管理委员会资助(2011822049)
【分类号】：D971.2;DD914

【共引文献】