《周礼》中赦免制度研究

发布时间：2018-11-27 07:22

【摘要】：赦免制度产生于中国文明肇始期——先秦,作为中国古代法律之重要组成部分,受到历代学者重视。尤其是国家政治实践中是否应该实行赦免,自先秦诸子而降就聚讼不已。相关问题的探讨,不惟可促进先秦赦免制度本原面貌的研究,亦可加深中国古代赦免制度源流的认识,具有重要的学术价值。《周礼》是成书于东周时期的重要典籍,其内容多涉先秦赦免制度。由于学者对《周礼》一书史料价值存有疑议。本文以《周礼》一书的文本分析、《周礼》与其他商周典籍的文本比较、传世与出土文献的多重互证等方法,试对《周礼》所记赦免制度进行研究。此外,本文还借用了现代法律概念,对《周礼》中反映的赦免制度进行法理分析,以了解《周礼》中赦免制度的组织体系、赦免的对象、类型、特点。全文分为四部分。第一部分对学术史进行梳理,最后界定了《周礼》中赦免的定义;第二部分介绍《周礼》中赦免制度的组织体系与赦免对象。《周礼》中规定赦免制度的最高赦免权来源于周王,并有一套系统的赦免组织体系。乡士、遂士、县士审理案件后,将案件的要辞交与大司寇定夺,此后交给王了解案情,符合赦免条件者,最后由王来决定赦免;第三部分介绍赦免制度的主要类型。本文主要将《周礼》中的赦免制度分为总则性赦免和补充性赦免两大类。总则性赦免为法律上司法审理过程中的适用原则,具体针对犯罪的特定情节使用,如犯罪人符合老、幼、蠢愚之条件,为“八议”中规定之类型,或案件审理过程中发现存在疑议,就要减免刑罚。补充性的赦免是案件审理后,对已经定罪之人实行的赦免等;第四部分归纳了《周礼》中赦免制度的主要特点。《周礼》中的赦免制度主要以减刑为主,体现了恤刑、慎罚,王权至上等思想,反映了东周社会的过渡性特征。通过《周礼》赦免制度这一个案研究表明,中华法系自法源阶段就蕴寓公权至上等诸多特质,从而有别于欧美法系而自成一系。总之,《周礼》中的赦免制度已经形成了系统的赦免体系,亦可与先秦其他典籍相互印证,表明《周礼》一书虽存在作者理想建构色彩,但其编纂成书理应具有相当历史依据。希望通过本文的写作能够引起学者的进一步研究、探讨。
[Abstract]:As an important part of ancient Chinese law, the system of pardon originated from the beginning period of Chinese civilization-Pre-Qin Dynasty, which has been attached importance to by scholars of all dynasties. Especially whether or not pardons should be carried out in the political practice of the state, since the fall of the pre-Qin Dynasty. The discussion of related problems can not only promote the study of the origin of the amnesty system in the pre-Qin Dynasty, but also deepen the understanding of the origin of the amnesty system in ancient China, which is of great academic value. Zhou Li is an important book written in the Eastern Zhou Dynasty. Because scholars have doubts about the value of historical materials in Zhou Li. Based on the text analysis of Zhou Li, the comparison between Zhou Li and other classical books of Shang and Zhou dynasties, and the multiple cross-attestation of handed down and unearthed documents, this paper tries to study the pardon system recorded in Zhou Li. In addition, this article also borrows the modern legal concept, carries on the legal principle analysis to "Zhou Li" reflected in the pardon system, in order to understand "Zhou Li" pardon system organization system, pardon object, type, characteristic. The full text is divided into four parts. The first part combs the academic history, and finally defines the definition of forgiveness in Zhou Li. The second part introduces the organizational system and the object of pardon in Zhou Li, which stipulates that the highest power of pardon comes from the king of Zhou, and there is a systematic organizational system of pardon. After hearing the case, the villager, the Sui Shi, and the county official handed over the case to the big boss, and then gave it to Wang to understand the circumstances of the case, which was in accordance with the conditions of pardon, and the third part introduced the main types of the amnesty system. In this paper, the amnesty system in Zhou Li is divided into two categories: general amnesty and supplementary pardon. General pardons are applicable principles in the course of judicial proceedings in the law, and are specifically aimed at the use of specific circumstances of the crime, if the offender meets the conditions of being old, young and foolish, and is the type specified in the "eight proposals". Or the case found in the trial process of the existence of doubt, it is necessary to reduce the penalty. Supplementary pardons are pardons granted to convicted persons after a case has been heard. The fourth part summarizes the main characteristics of pardon system in Zhou Li. The pardon system in Zhou Li is mainly about commutation, which embodies the thoughts of compassionate punishment, careful punishment and Wang Quan's supremacy, and reflects the transitional characteristics of the Eastern Zhou society. Through the case study of "Zhou Li > pardon system", it is shown that the Chinese legal system embodies many characteristics such as the supremacy of public power from the legal source stage, which is different from the European and American legal system. In a word, the system of pardon in Zhou Li has formed a systematic system of pardon, which can also be verified with other books of the Pre-Qin Dynasty. It shows that although the author of Zhou Li has the color of ideal construction, the compilation of the book should have a considerable historical basis. It is hoped that the writing of this paper will lead to further research and discussion by scholars.
【学位授予单位】：东北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D929

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