美国公民诉讼之“私人检察总长理论”解析

发布时间：2018-11-27 14:17

【摘要】：源于普通法的"私人检察总长理论"自1943年初创以来,在美国民事司法体系中起到了举足轻重的作用,已经成为包括公民诉讼在内的以同时保障个体利益和公共利益为目标的诉讼类型的理论基础。私人检察总长理论对公民诉讼的影响经历了从《民权法案》中反歧视的民权诉讼到环境保护中的公民诉讼的延伸和发展,其法律内涵、基本特征以及诉讼功能对公民诉讼的诉讼构成以及诉讼机制产生了决定性的影响,从而将公民诉讼塑造成为美国最具代表性、最受瞩目的诉讼类型。以私人检察总长理论为基础的公民诉讼不仅仅是简单的利益保障机制,同时也是一种非常有效的执法手段,还是对政府行政执法的有效补充,并共同构成了美国环境法强大的法律执行体系。公民诉讼之私人检察总长理论分析无疑会对中国未来的环境诉讼具有很重要的标榜作用和借鉴价值。
[Abstract]:Since its inception in 1943, the "Private Attorney General's Theory", which originated from the common law, has played an important role in the civil justice system of the United States. It has become the theoretical basis of both individual and public interest litigation including citizen litigation. The influence of the private attorney general's theory on the citizen litigation has experienced the extension and development from the civil rights lawsuit against discrimination in the Civil Rights Act to the citizen lawsuit in the environmental protection, and its legal connotation. The basic characteristics and the function of litigation have a decisive influence on the constitution and mechanism of civil litigation, thus shaping the civil litigation into the most representative and attractive type of litigation in the United States. The citizen litigation based on the theory of the private procurator general is not only a simple mechanism for safeguarding interests, but also a very effective means of enforcing the law, and an effective supplement to the administrative law enforcement of the government. And together constitute a strong legal enforcement system of environmental law in the United States. There is no doubt that the theoretical analysis of the private procurator general of citizen litigation will play a very important role in the future environmental litigation in China and draw lessons from it.
【作者单位】：西南政法大学经济法学院;
【分类号】：D971.2

【相似文献】