没有法律的秩序：晚清巴县工商业合伙研究

发布时间：2018-12-21 07:46

【摘要】：本文以晚清巴县工商业合伙秩序为研究对象,描述该秩序的大致状况,探讨其如何形成与维护,并对其优缺进行评价。第一章导论包括研究对象及意义、研究方法及材料两节。第一节界定“合伙”一词,并对学术界的既有研究成果进行综述,指出其中的欠缺——方法单一、范围逼仄、材料不足,本文之研究意义与目的即在弥补这些欠缺。第二节介绍本研究所使用的方法及材料。研究方法上,文章从法学的视角出发,以重要概念——秩序为切入点,借鉴博弈论及其中的社会控制体系理论为具体的分析工具；研究材料上,本文选取了晚清巴县档案中的合伙诉讼资料为主要依托材料。第二章合伙秩序概貌,参考近现代合伙制度的构架,从出资模式、事务执行方式、损益分配惯例、合伙人的变更四个方面入手探讨,指出这一时期巴县的工商业合伙已经发展为比较稳定、成熟的秩序,并自发形成诸多相关惯例。第三章秩序的形成与维护,探究晚清巴县工商业合伙如何在几乎没有国家法律直接规制之下自发形成并运行。此处借鉴美国学者埃里克森的“社会控制体系”理论模型,指出这一秩序在三方面的控制者——合伙人自身、其他合伙人、各种社会群体或组织及政府——共同依靠个人伦理、工商业惯例、天理人情等规则进行控制与维护中形成与运行,并在具体论述中分别介绍各类控制者在秩序中的主要职能、作用、地位等及其相互间的关系。第四章对秩序的评价,首先反思学术界既有研究对传统合伙秩序评价存在的方向和方法上的偏失,提出不应仅从经济事实的角度进行,而应主要从法学的角度。其后论证借鉴博弈论探讨这一问题的正当性,并进而正式进入博弈,得出结论：晚清巴县工商业合伙秩序一方面能基本保证相对稳定,并能够较为自由地发展以至相对成熟与完善,但另一方面,它不能充分保障合伙人以及合伙相对人的正当权利,导致这一秩序的稳定与完善都只是相对的,最终这一秩序走向瓦解,被从西方舶来的近现代合伙以及公司制度全盘取代。
[Abstract]:Taking the order of industrial and commercial partnership in Ba County of late Qing Dynasty as the research object, this paper describes the general situation of the order, discusses how to form and maintain it, and evaluates its advantages and disadvantages. The first chapter includes the research object and the significance, the research method and the material two sections. The first section defines the term "partnership", and summarizes the existing research achievements in academic circles, and points out that the lack of the method is single, the scope is narrow, and the material is insufficient. The significance and purpose of this study is to make up for these deficiencies. The second section introduces the methods and materials used in this study. In terms of research methods, the article starts from the perspective of law, takes the important concept of order as the breakthrough point, and uses game theory and its social control system theory as the concrete analysis tool. On the research materials, this paper selects the partnership litigation materials in the file of Ba County in the late Qing Dynasty as the main supporting materials. The second chapter is a general view of the partnership order, referring to the framework of the modern partnership system, starting with four aspects: the mode of capital contribution, the mode of execution of affairs, the practice of profit and loss distribution, and the change of partners. It is pointed out that the industrial and commercial partnership in Ba County has developed into a relatively stable and mature order during this period, and has spontaneously formed many related conventions. The third chapter discusses the formation and maintenance of order and explores how the industrial and commercial partnership of Ba County in the late Qing Dynasty spontaneously formed and operated under almost no national laws and regulations. Drawing on the theoretical model of "social control system" proposed by American scholar Eriksson, this paper points out that the control of this order depends on individual ethics in three aspects: partners themselves, other partners, various social groups or organizations and governments. The rules of industrial and commercial practice, natural principles and human feelings are formed and operated in the control and maintenance, and the main functions, status of various controllers in the order are introduced respectively in the concrete discussion, as well as the relationship between them. In the fourth chapter, the author first reflects on the bias in the direction and method of the traditional partnership order evaluation, and points out that it should not be carried out only from the angle of economic facts, but mainly from the angle of law. Then the thesis discusses the legitimacy of this problem by using game theory for reference, and then formally enters the game, and draws the conclusion: on the one hand, the order of industrial and commercial partnership in Ba County in late Qing Dynasty can basically guarantee relative stability. But on the other hand, it can not fully protect the legitimate rights of partners and partners, leading to the stability and perfection of this order are only relative. Finally, this order disintegrated and was completely replaced by modern partnership and company system imported from the West.
【学位授予单位】：中央民族大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D929

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