中美金融消费者保护法律执行的实证分析与比较

发布时间：2019-01-03 13:41

【摘要】：金融危机之后,美国于2010年7月21日通过了《多德-弗兰克华尔街改革和消费者保护法案》。多德-弗兰克法案创立了联邦层面专门负责消费者金融保护的机构,即"消费者金融保护局 "(Consumer Financial Protection Bureau,CFPB),其职能涵盖制定规章、受理投诉、查处违法行为以及金融消费者教育等。消费者金融保护局自2011年运作至今,已有六年历史,发起、受理大小案例近200件。本文第一章梳理了消费者金融保护局的主要职能,主要包括制定规则(Regulatory)、监管(Supervision)和执法(Enforcement)。第二章对消费者金融保护局公布的已决案件进行了统计分析。基于对全部142个案例的阅读、提炼,本章以数据呈现了分析结果,并提炼出若干有代表性的规律,刻画了"行为监管"。第三章用实证方法构建了美国金融消费者保护的法律框架。通过整理被消费者金融保护局在监管执法中引用、激活过的法律条文,本文从立法层面上还原了美国消费者金融保护的法律图景。特别地,针对新通过的《消费者金融保护法》中概括性规定的"不公平、欺诈、滥用"条款,本文结合具体案例和统计数据,对其适用规律和启动方式进行了分析,提炼出"不公平"条款适用的实质标准。第四章用统计分析和实证分析的方法刻画了中国的金融消费者保护现状。在案例统计和案例分析的基础上,本文研究了当前金融消费者通过诉讼途径解决纠纷过程中的实际情况和现实困难,分析了银监会等监管机构在保护金融消费者工作方面的不力和困境,归纳出金融消费者保护实践中的"中国问题":监管机构缺位导致的纠纷解决机制错配。第五、六章总结了前四章的观察结果,从执行的角度,比较了中美两国的金融消费者保护制度,进而对广泛出现的"法律移植"立法建议进行了反思,得出结论:学习国外金融消费者保护制度,应当更加关注有助于解决中国问题的机构设立和法律执行经验。
[Abstract]:Following the financial crisis, the United States passed the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act on July 21, 2010. The Dodd-Frank Act created a federal agency specifically responsible for consumer financial protection, the Consumer Financial Protection Agency (Consumer Financial Protection Bureau,CFPB), whose functions include making regulations and handling complaints. Investigate and deal with illegal acts and financial consumer education. The Consumer Financial Protection Agency has been operating for six years since 2011. It has initiated and accepted nearly 200 cases. The first chapter of this paper reviews the main functions of the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau, including the establishment of rules and regulations, (Regulatory), supervision of (Supervision) and enforcement of (Enforcement). Chapter two makes a statistical analysis of the decided cases published by the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau. Based on the reading and refining of 142 cases, this chapter presents the analysis results with data, and abstracts some representative laws to depict "behavior supervision". The third chapter uses the empirical method to construct the legal framework of American financial consumer protection. By sorting out the legal provisions cited and activated by the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau in its supervision and enforcement, this paper restores the legal picture of consumer financial protection in the United States from the legislative level. In particular, in view of the "unfair, fraudulent and abusive" clauses in the general provisions of the newly adopted Consumer Financial Protection Law, this paper analyzes its application rules and start-up methods by combining specific cases and statistical data. Abstract the substantive criteria for the application of the "unfair" clause. Chapter four describes the current situation of financial consumer protection in China by means of statistical analysis and empirical analysis. On the basis of case statistics and case analysis, this paper studies the actual situation and practical difficulties in the process of financial consumers resolving disputes through litigation. This paper analyzes on the weakness and difficulties of regulators such as CBRC in protecting financial consumers, and concludes the "China problem" in the practice of financial consumer protection: the mismatch of dispute resolution mechanism caused by the absence of supervision institutions. The fifth and sixth chapters summarize the observation results of the first four chapters, compare the financial consumer protection system between China and the United States from the perspective of execution, and then reflect on the widely appeared legislative proposals of "law transplantation". The conclusion is: to study the foreign financial consumer protection system, we should pay more attention to the establishment of institutions and the experience of law enforcement to solve the problems in China.
【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D923.8;D971.2;DD912.29

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