学校的责任:美国校园欺凌的诉讼与判例

发布时间：2019-01-08 17:58

【摘要】：20世纪90年代之后,美国校园欺凌的诉讼日益增多。在校园欺凌事件中,公立学校是否负有责任,在什么条件下负有责任,应该付什么样的责任成为美国各级法院在案件审理过程中亟待解决的问题。本文选取了上诉到美国联邦最高法院和巡回法院的三个判例进行分析:在格布泽案中,联邦最高法院采纳了实际知情和故意漠视的标准以确定学校是否负有责任;戴维斯案延用了实际知情和故意漠视两个要件,推动了美国各级各类学校建立反校园欺凌的政策与程序;科瓦尔斯基案中,网络欺凌成为校园欺凌新形式的代表,该案也提出学校的责任和权力边界的新问题,法院肯定了学校对学生校外不当言行进行干预的正当性与合法性。
[Abstract]:Since the 1990 s, U. S. campus bullying litigation has been increasing. In the case of campus bullying, whether or not the public school is responsible, under what conditions, and what kind of responsibility should be paid has become an urgent problem to be solved by the courts at all levels in the United States. This article selects three cases that appeal to the United States Supreme Court and Circuit Court to analyze: in Gobzer case, the Federal Supreme Court adopted the criterion of actual knowledge and deliberate disregard to determine whether the school is responsible or not; The Davis case extends the actual knowledge and wilful disregard of the two elements, and promotes the establishment of anti-campus bullying policies and procedures at all levels of schools in the United States. In Kowalski's case, cyberbullying has become the representative of new forms of bullying on campus. The case also raises the new problem of school's responsibility and power boundary. The court affirmed the legitimacy and legitimacy of the school's intervention in students' improper words and deeds outside school.
【作者单位】：北京师范大学国际与比较教育研究院;
【基金】：教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重大项目“大学教师职业伦理和行为规范的国际比较研究”(课题批准号:15JJD880004)的研究成果
【分类号】：D971.2;DD912.1

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