边沁功利主义立法观探析

发布时间：2019-01-14 09:19

【摘要】：英国工业革命的发展,资本主义法律制度的相继建立,使得边沁的功利主义立法观应运而生。这种理论主张,正是人们对功利的需要才导致了立法以及法律的产生。据此,边沁提出了立法的目的就是功利,即实现"最大多数人的最大幸福"。边沁侧重从立法的角度考察法的功用,他认为立法可以增进人类的幸福,自然法不能为人们解决实际的问题。目前,就我国正在进行的法治建设而言,这种讲求实际功用的立法观,的确具有可供参考和借鉴的价值。比如,注重个人利益和社会利益的结合。我国在注重经济发展的同时,不仅要关注个人利益是否得到满足,还要注重个人利益和社会利益的有效结合。否则,两者之间无法平衡将导致利益无法发生实效。虽然边沁的这种理论存在固有的缺陷,但是鉴于我国迫切需要完善的立法理论引导法治建设,以及国内对功利主义立法理论不够重视的现状,因此,笔者认为深入分析这种理论本身的价值,对我国的法治建设具有很大的借鉴意义,这也正是本文所要解决的问题。本文将通过对边沁的功利主义立法观的深入研究,试图引起人们对功利主义的足够重视,探索这种理论对我国法治国家和法治社会的借鉴意义。本文主要分为四个部分:第一部分,首先界定边沁功利主义立法观的真正内涵,并通过阐述其发展脉络,架构边沁思想发展的时代背景,以求进一步深入探讨其特征和内容。第二部分,阐明边沁功利主义立法观的特征,并通过分析其特征,陈述利弊,使人们正确看待功利主义,引起人们对功利主义的足够重视。第三部分,分析功利主义的构成,对功利主义的立法观进行深入的研究与剖析。第四部分,通过前面三个部分的阐述,总结功利主义立法观对我国法治建设的启示,为我国完善立法理论提供参考。
[Abstract]:With the development of British industrial revolution and the establishment of capitalist legal system, Bentham's utilitarian legislation came into being. This theory claims that it is the need for utilitarianism that leads to the production of legislation and law. On this basis, Bentham put forward the purpose of legislation is utilitarian, that is, to realize "the greatest happiness of most people". Bentham emphasizes the function of law from the angle of legislation. He thinks that legislation can promote the happiness of human beings, and natural law can not solve the practical problems for people. At present, as far as the construction of the rule of law is concerned, this kind of legislation view, which emphasizes the actual function, has the value for reference and reference. For example, pay attention to the combination of personal interests and social interests. While paying attention to economic development, our country should pay attention not only to whether personal interests are satisfied, but also to the effective combination of personal interests and social interests. Otherwise, the lack of balance between the two will result in impractical benefits. Although Bentham's theory has its inherent defects, in view of the urgent need for perfect legislative theory to guide the construction of the rule of law in our country and the current situation that the utilitarian legislative theory is not paid enough attention to in our country, The author thinks that the deep analysis of the value of this theory is of great significance to the construction of the rule of law in our country, which is exactly the problem to be solved in this paper. In this paper, through the in-depth study of Bentham's utilitarian legislative view, we try to arouse people's attention to utilitarianism and explore the significance of this theory to our country and society under the rule of law. This paper is divided into four parts: the first part defines the real connotation of Bentham's utilitarian legislative view, and through the elaboration of its development context, frame the background of Bentham's thought development, in order to further explore its characteristics and content. The second part clarifies the characteristics of Bentham's utilitarianism legislative view, and through analyzing its characteristics, states its advantages and disadvantages, makes people treat utilitarianism correctly, and causes people to pay enough attention to utilitarianism. In the third part, the composition of utilitarianism is analyzed, and the legislative view of utilitarianism is deeply studied and analyzed. The fourth part, through the first three parts of the elaboration, summarizes the utilitarianism legislative view to our country rule of law construction enlightenment, provides the reference for our country consummation legislation theory.
【学位授予单位】：浙江大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D909.1;D920.0

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