《大清新刑律》罪刑法定原则研究

发布时间：2019-01-14 09:51

【摘要】：《大清新刑律》的颁布是中国近代刑法的开端。罪刑法定原则被规定在其中,也凸显了它的先进性,罪刑法定原则的引入是我国刑法发展史上一个历史性的转折点。在中国刑法发展过程中有着举足轻重的作用,因此研究《大清新刑律》中的罪刑法定原则也有着重要的意义。对中国而言,罪刑法定原则是—个舶来品,它是完全从西方引进来的一个法律原则,我们国家之前是不存在的。因此,本文首先对罪刑法定原则做了追本溯源的研究,介绍了它的渊源、涵义、思想基础,以及它的发展和演变过程。并进一步论述了罪刑法定主义与罪刑法定原则的区别,我国古代长期处于封建社会,君主是最高权威,他集各种权利于一身,不可能将限制权力的罪刑法定主义上升为一种法律原则,我国古代社会只存在思想层面的罪刑法定主义并不存在罪刑法定原则。罪刑法定原则是在这样的背景下引入中国的,首先是由于清朝末年西方列强的入侵使社会经济结构发生了变化,西方列强对经济掠夺的同时把西方的法律思想带了进来,其次是清政府为求自保进行了一些列的法制改革,以及当时一些具有先进思想的法学家也为罪刑法定原则的引入起到了一定的促进作用。论文的核心内容是罪刑法定原则在《大清新刑律》的立法体现和引入过程中存在的问题。主要从七个方面来分析新刑律中体现罪刑法定原则的法律条文,含义以及论述这些条文的是如何体现罪刑法定原则的。罪刑法定原则是在借鉴西方法律的基础上确立的,因此在新刑律中的确立存在着较多问题,本文针对这些问题分别做了论述。罪刑法定这一刑法主要的原则引入有着深刻的影响。首先从思想层面上讲,它所倡导的平等、自由、人权等先进的思想对中国古代社会传统的君权、人治思想产生很大的冲击。其次,从制度层面讲《大清新刑律》在总则中明确规定了罪刑法定原则并删除了“比附援引”,这对于在封建社会中根深蒂固的“比附援引”的断案规则是一个有力的打击。最后是罪刑法定原则的引入对民国时期的刑事立法的影响,北洋政府时期和国民政府时期在刑事立法中仿效《大清新刑律》中关于罪刑法定原则的规定,体现了该原则在刑法中的作用。这说明新刑律中引入罪刑法定原则对后世刑法影响之深远,意义之重大,也充分体现了其先进性。《大清新刑律》中罪刑法定原则的确立是中国刑法发展史上最重要的一步,它的引入拉开了刑法现代化的序幕。
[Abstract]:The promulgation of the Great fresh Criminal Law is the beginning of modern Chinese criminal law. The principle of legally prescribed punishment for a crime is stipulated, which also highlights its advanced nature. The introduction of the principle of legality of crime is a historic turning point in the history of the development of criminal law in China. It plays an important role in the development of Chinese criminal law, so it is of great significance to study the principle of legally prescribed punishment for a crime in the Great fresh Criminal Law. To China, the principle of legality is an import. It is a legal principle completely introduced from the West, which did not exist in our country before. Therefore, this paper firstly studies the origin of the principle of legally prescribed punishment for a crime, introduces its origin, meaning, ideological basis, and its development and evolution process. And further discussed the difference between the doctrine of legality and the principle of legality. In ancient China, the monarch was the supreme authority, and he had all kinds of rights. It is impossible to raise the legality doctrine of restricting power into a kind of legal principle. In the ancient society of our country, there is only the ideological level of the legality of the crime and there is not the principle of the legality of the crime. The principle of legally prescribed punishment for a crime was introduced into China under this background. Firstly, the social and economic structure was changed by the invasion of western powers in the late Qing Dynasty, and the western powers brought in the western legal ideas while plundering the economy. Secondly, the Qing government carried out some legal reforms in order to protect itself, and some jurists with advanced ideas also played a certain role in promoting the introduction of the principle of legality. The core content of this paper is the problems existing in the legislative embodiment and introduction of the principle of legally prescribed punishment for a crime. This paper mainly analyzes the legal provisions of the new criminal law which embody the principle of legally prescribed punishment for a crime from seven aspects, and discusses the meaning of these provisions and how to embody the principle of legally prescribed punishment for a crime. The principle of legally prescribed punishment for a specified crime is established on the basis of drawing lessons from western law, so there are many problems in the establishment of the new criminal law. The introduction of the principal principle of legality has a profound influence. First of all, from the ideological level, it advocated the equality, freedom, human rights and other advanced ideas on the ancient Chinese society, the traditional monarchy, the thought of rule of man has a great impact. Secondly, from the system level, the Criminal Law of Great freshness clearly stipulates the principle of legally prescribed punishment for a crime in the general principles and removes "adjunct invocation", which is a powerful blow to the deep-rooted "adjunct invocation" rule in feudal society. Finally, it is the influence of the introduction of the principle of legality on the criminal legislation of the Republic of China. During the period of the Beiyang Government and the National Government, the criminal legislation of the Great freshening Criminal Law was followed in accordance with the provisions of the principle of legally prescribed punishment for a crime in the period of the Beiyang Government and the National Government. It embodies the function of this principle in criminal law. This shows that the introduction of the principle of legality in the new criminal law has a profound impact on the criminal law of later generations and is of great significance, and fully reflects its advanced nature. The establishment of the principle of legally prescribed punishment for a specified crime in the Great New Criminal Law is the most important step in the history of the development of Chinese criminal law. Its introduction opened the prologue of the modernization of criminal law.
【学位授予单位】：郑州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D924;D929

【相似文献】