平政院裁判与近代中国文官保障制度的司法实践

发布时间：2019-01-16 00:29

【摘要】：在从帝制到共和过渡的北洋政府时期,内阁短命、政局反复动荡,为使政府运转维持最低限度的连贯性与效率,必须建立文官保障制度、对政务官之外的政府官员给予身份保障,以维系官僚体系的专业与稳定。以美国早期的经验来看,如此方可避免政党分赃及官僚集团的沉沦。文官保障制度其实是"寓保障于惩戒之中",通过设立相对独立的惩戒委员会负责文官的惩戒处分,并予以司法救济,是欧美各国比较常见的做法。面对政治风潮与政府变换,平政院依然坚持了文官保障的底线,并在行政审判中兼顾实体问题与程序问题。通过对文官惩戒处分的审查,平政院保障了文官的法定权利与整个官僚体系的稳定。我们可以说,平政院裁判在落实文官保障制度方面,起到了不可替代的作用。
[Abstract]:During the period of the Beiyang government in the transition from monarchy to republic, the cabinet was short-lived and the political situation was repeatedly unstable. In order to maintain the minimum continuity and efficiency of the operation of the government, it was necessary to establish a civilian security system. To maintain the professionalism and stability of the bureaucracy by protecting the status of government officials other than administrative officers. In the early days of the United States, it was possible to avoid the fall of political parties and bureaucrats. In fact, the civil service security system is "put the security in the discipline". It is a common practice in Europe and America to set up a relatively independent disciplinary committee to take charge of the disciplinary punishment of the civil servant and to give judicial relief. In the face of the political trend and the change of the government, the Ping Zheng Yuan still insists on the bottom line of the civil service guarantee, and pays attention to the substantive and procedural issues in the administrative trial. Through the examination of the disciplinary punishment of civil servants, the Pingchengyuan ensured the legal rights of civil servants and the stability of the whole bureaucracy system. We can say that the Court of Justice in the implementation of the civil service protection system, played an irreplaceable role.
【作者单位】：清华大学法学院;
【基金】：国家“万人计划”青年拔尖人才计划的支持
【分类号】：D929

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