晚清民国堕胎罪立法的发展

发布时间：2019-01-24 21:50

【摘要】：在晚清民国法律变革的过程中，我国首次出现了堕胎罪的相关立法。在修律之前，清代就有关于堕胎的刑事立法，本文结合《大清律例》的规定和《刑案汇览》收入的相关成案进行了说明。当时，堕胎并不独立构成一种犯罪，而是与通奸、杀人等犯罪紧密联系。清末修律开始后，堕胎罪成为独立的犯罪，立法的内容发生全面的变化。随着《大清刑律草案》、《修正刑律草案》、《大清现行刑律》、《大清新刑律》的陆续修订，堕胎罪的规定也逐步完善。在此过程中，堕胎罪立法对清代的规定有所发展，包括对堕胎罪理论基础的发展、罪名和刑罚体系的演进和堕胎罪立法内容的变化。到了民国时期，堕胎罪的立法演变继续进行。陆续出台的《暂行新刑律》、旧刑法、新刑法对堕胎罪的规定作了进一步修改。以上刑事法律均得到实施，各地司法机关对堕胎罪条文的适用产生了疑问，对此，大理院和司法院作了解释，使堕胎罪的立法更加全面、细致。民国时期堕胎罪立法对清末修律中堕胎罪的规定同样有所发展，包括立法内容的显著变化、法律解释方式的继承发展和立法技术的日臻成熟。对堕胎罪的相关规定作了叙述后，本文继续考察晚清民国堕胎罪立法发展的社会适应性。虽然堕胎罪的立法在这两个时期不论在内容上还是立法技术上都有所发展，，但并未在中国获得理想的实施效果。究其原因，可能有以下几方面：宗教因素对堕胎罪立法的限制、经济因素对堕胎罪立法的作用、政治因素对堕胎罪立法的影响、生育节制等社会运动对堕胎罪立法的替代作用、妇女自主意识觉醒对堕胎罪立法的制约和道德风气对堕胎罪立法的阻遏。晚清民国堕胎罪的立法存在的问题有：对礼法结合指导思想的背离、在本土理论方面的欠缺和对社会需求的忽视。
[Abstract]:In the process of law reform in the late Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China, the relevant legislation of abortion crime appeared for the first time in China. There was criminal legislation on abortion in Qing Dynasty before the revision of the law. This article explains the relevant cases of income in combination with the provisions of the Qing Law and the Collection of Criminal cases. At that time, abortion was not an independent crime, but closely related to adultery, homicide and other crimes. At the end of Qing Dynasty, the crime of abortion became an independent crime, and the content of legislation changed completely. Along with the revision of the draft of the Criminal Law of the Qing Dynasty, the draft of the Amendment of the Criminal Law, the present Criminal Law of the Qing Dynasty and the Criminal Law of the Great freshening, the provisions on the crime of abortion have been gradually perfected. In this process, the provisions of abortion crime legislation on Qing Dynasty have been developed, including the development of the theoretical basis of abortion crime, the evolution of the charge and penalty system and the change of the legislative content of abortion crime. During the period of the Republic of China, the legislative evolution of abortion crime continued. The new interim Criminal Law, the old criminal law and the new criminal law have further revised the provisions of abortion crime. All the above criminal laws have been put into practice, and the judicial organs in various places have questioned the application of the provisions on abortion crimes. In view of this, the Dali Institute and the Judicial Institute have made explanations to make the legislation on abortion crimes more comprehensive and meticulous. During the period of the Republic of China, the provisions of abortion crime in the law of the late Qing Dynasty were also developed, including the remarkable changes in the content of the legislation, the inheritance and development of the legal interpretation and the maturation of the legislative techniques. After describing the relevant provisions of abortion crime, this paper continues to investigate the social adaptability of the development of abortion crime legislation in the late Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China. Although the legislation of abortion crime has developed in both content and technology in these two periods, it has not achieved the ideal effect in China. The reasons are as follows: the restriction of religious factors on abortion legislation, the role of economic factors in abortion legislation, the influence of political factors on abortion legislation, the substitution role of social movements such as birth control on abortion legislation, etc. The self-consciousness of women restricts the legislation of abortion crime and the moral atmosphere hinders the legislation of abortion crime. The problems in the legislation of abortion crime in the late Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China include the deviation from the guiding ideology of the combination of etiquette and law, the lack of local theory and the neglect of social needs.
【学位授予单位】：中国社会科学院研究生院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D929;D924.3

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