生态补偿的法理研究

发布时间：2019-01-25 21:09

【摘要】：环境生态系统是全人类生存发展的基础,为社会的可持续发展提供必需的物质依托与原料供应。人类在相当长的一段时间内,过度开采自然资源,对环境生态系统的再生能力造成了不可逆转的伤害,资源是有限的,为保护有限的资源,建立生态补偿制度是一项保护环境生态系统的重要且迫在眉睫的手段。本文以生态补偿的概念为出发点,进一步对文中所涉及的国内外的生态补偿概念加以分析,阐述生态补偿的法理逻辑,体现了法律生态化的趋势。此中提出我国生态补偿法律制度的基本法理逻辑路径为:生态补偿的法的价值取向,包括公平正义,利益平衡,人与自然的契约关系等。公平原则即生态环境资源是公共资源,是全人类共同享有的财富,任何人均没有权利只享有生态环境带来的利益而对他人造成损失不承担责任;利益平衡原则,即保护生态和经济发展相平衡,人与人之间享受自然环境提供的利益相平衡生态环境资源同时具有生态效益和经济效益,生态补偿的主要作用就是协调生态环境资源的生态效益和经济效益之间所存在的矛盾冲突,实现生态环境资源的生态效益和经济效益的协调、和谐、可持续发展。继而通过对国内外生态补偿实践的对比,得出完善我国生态补偿制度的措施,首先是建立相应的法律制度,以及探讨我国在建立和完善生态补偿法律制度过程中应当注意的问题,如立法模式选择问题、突破点问题、公众参与问题、生态补偿政策作用问题。
[Abstract]:The environmental ecosystem is the basis for the survival and development of all mankind. It provides the necessary material support and raw material supply for the sustainable development of the society. The overexploitation of natural resources by human beings for a considerable period of time has caused irreversible harm to the regeneration capacity of environmental ecosystems, and resources are limited, in order to protect limited resources, The establishment of ecological compensation system is an important and urgent means to protect the environmental ecosystem. Taking the concept of ecological compensation as the starting point, this paper further analyzes the concept of ecological compensation at home and abroad, expounds the legal logic of ecological compensation, and reflects the trend of legal ecology. In this paper, the author points out that the basic legal logic of our country's ecological compensation legal system is: the value orientation of ecological compensation law, including fairness and justice, balance of interests, contract relationship between man and nature, and so on. The principle of equity is that the ecological environment resources are public resources and the common wealth of all mankind. No one has the right to only enjoy the benefits brought by the ecological environment and do not bear the responsibility for the losses caused to others. The principle of balance of interests, that is, to protect the balance between ecological and economic development, and to enjoy the benefits provided by the natural environment among people balance the ecological benefits and economic benefits of the ecological environment resources at the same time. The main function of ecological compensation is to coordinate the conflicts between ecological benefits and economic benefits of ecological environment resources, to realize the coordination of ecological benefits and economic benefits of ecological environment resources, and to achieve harmonious and sustainable development. Then through the comparison of the domestic and foreign ecological compensation practice, the measures to perfect the ecological compensation system of our country are obtained, first of all, the corresponding legal system is established. This paper also discusses the problems that should be paid attention to in the process of establishing and perfecting the legal system of ecological compensation in China, such as the choice of legislative model, breakthrough point, public participation and the role of ecological compensation policy.
【学位授予单位】：江西财经大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D90

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