中美商标平行进口比较研究与评析

发布时间：2019-02-12 14:17

【摘要】：商标的平行进口作为一个国际贸易问题,在各国处理的方式都不同。这主要是与国家的贸易自由、国内市场的商标权利保护等问题密不可分。我国国内因物价、汇率等因素导致商品价格逐年提升,商品平行进口行为也随着我国关税优惠政策的不断出台而不断出现。是通过加强商标专用权权利范围来限制商品平行进口行为还是放宽平行进口的限制条件是摆在海关执法部门以及司法部门面前的一个首要问题。笔者认为,仅仅限制或者允许可能会造成立法或者适用法律的不稳定,美国在处理平行进口问题的初期也因为过分保护国内经济发展而限制该类进口行为,但由于受到国内进口贸易商与部分经销商的共同压力下,海关部门与财政部门不得不制定实施条例,规定例外情况的方式允许符合条件可允许平行进口行为。美国法院在审理相关案件中运用法律规定中对于平行进口作出了不同情况的分析也能够对我国在立法理论以及司法实践中有指导作用。本文一共分为四章节,第一章,整理、总结并论述平行进口的概念、分类以及主要特点。第二章,阐明中国目前有关商标平行进口的司法实务,主要介绍三个案例并进行评析,从中提炼问题。第三章:介绍美国的法律规定、司法实践和遵循的法律适用原则,研究并区分平行进口的不同类型与情况,从中寻找法律适用的规则与原则,希望借此能对中国法律的制定与修改起到指导作用。第四章:针对第二章末所提出的问题,从多个部门法的立法意图入手,参考和比较美国法律实践的结论,研究、制定或修改法律规定,明确认定平行进口行为的要件以及法院审理同类案件的适用依据,从而构建适用于国内的解决商标平行进口问题的法律体系。商标的平行进口是否造成侵权还要从可能受到侵害的利益主体角度出发,界定各个部门法保护的利益范围。从而能够通过不同的部门法对此行为作出具体的调整。而在平行进口行为中,本文主要针对进口商品与国内商品的差异性、进口商品生产商与国内商标权利人的关系类型、国内商标权利人的商标管理以及是否构成滥用垄断权力等多个角度对平行进口应否禁止进行论述。我国《商标法》也正在进行第三次修订,也力求将平行进口行为纳入立法的范畴,达到规范商标权保护的目的。
[Abstract]:As an international trade issue, the parallel import of trademarks is handled in different ways in different countries. This is mainly with the country's trade freedom, the protection of trademark rights in the domestic market and other issues inseparable. The price of commodity increases year by year due to the factors of price and exchange rate in our country. The behavior of parallel import of commodity also appears continuously with the introduction of preferential tariff policy in our country. Whether to restrict the parallel import of goods by strengthening the scope of trademark exclusive right or to relax the restriction condition of parallel import is a primary problem in front of the law enforcement department of customs and the judicial department. In my opinion, restricting or allowing only this kind of import behavior may lead to instability of legislation or applicable law. In the early stage of dealing with the problem of parallel import, the United States also restricted such import behavior because of over-protection of domestic economic development. However, under the common pressure of domestic import traders and some dealers, the customs department and the financial department have to make implementing regulations to allow parallel import to meet the conditions in exceptional circumstances. The analysis of parallel import made by American courts in the trial of related cases can also guide our country in the legislative theory and judicial practice. This paper is divided into four chapters, the first chapter, collate, summarize and discuss the concept, classification and main characteristics of parallel import. The second chapter expounds the current judicial practice of trademark parallel import in China, mainly introduces three cases and evaluates them, abstracts the problems from them. The third chapter introduces the legal provisions, judicial practice and applicable principles of law in the United States, studies and distinguishes the different types and situations of parallel import, and finds out the rules and principles of legal application. Hope this can be used to guide the formulation and revision of Chinese laws. Chapter four: in view of the problems raised at the end of Chapter 2, the author starts with the legislative intent of several departments, and compares the conclusions of American legal practice, and studies, formulates or modifies the legal provisions. It is clear that the elements of parallel import act and the applicable basis for the court to deal with the similar cases, so as to construct a legal system applicable to the domestic solution to the problem of parallel import of trademarks. Whether the parallel import of trademark causes infringement or not, the scope of interests protected by various branches of law should be defined from the angle of the subject of interest that may be infringed. Thus can make concrete adjustment to this behavior through different branch law. In parallel import behavior, this paper mainly focuses on the difference between imported goods and domestic commodities, the relationship between the manufacturers of imported goods and the domestic trademark holders. This paper discusses whether parallel import should be prohibited from the aspects of trademark administration and whether it constitutes abuse of monopoly power. The Trademark Law of our country is also being revised for the third time. It also tries to bring the parallel import behavior into the scope of legislation to achieve the goal of standardizing the protection of trademark rights.
【学位授予单位】：华东政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D971.2;D923.43

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