法律程式化语言研究

发布时间：2019-03-18 15:25

【摘要】：法律程式化语言遍及立法语言、司法语言及执法语言,是法律语言的重要组成部分。法律程式化语言在法律立法实践及司法实践中有着非常重要的作用,通过对法律程式化语言的研究,能够加强法律工作者对法律程式化语言的认识,并引起更多法律工作者参与到法律程式化语言的研究中,促进法律工作者自觉地应用法律程式化语言。法律程式化语言是语言在法律活动的应用中,形成的规范、严谨、单一的词汇、句式结构等预制的或半预制的表达模式。法律程式化语言的形成具有不同的模式,根据法律程式语在历史文献及在现代法律活动各方面的运用情况,可以将法律程式语的形成总结为五种模式,它们分别是演化模式、案例模式、转换模式、逻辑模式及普适模式。法律程式化语言在法律活动中的运用具有重要的语用价值和实践功能,表现为法律程式语的简洁性、节奏性、规范性及其对法律语境的提示功能,对法律威严的维护功能。法律程式化语言还表现出了其在运用上的顺应性和生成性的特点。法律程式语在立法语篇的赋予权利和规定义务的表述中表现出显性和规约性两个方面。在对显性程式语及规约性程式语在10部法律的运用分布统计中得出规约性程式的使用频率高于显性程式语的使用频率,规定义务的程式语使用频率高于赋予权利的程式语的使用频率。法律程式语不论在赋予权利和规定义务的表述中或在显性和规约性的表述中都会使用一些意思相近或者相似的程式语。通过对这些语义相近或相似的程式语的辨析可以促进立法工作者准确地选用法律程式语,也可以促进司法工作者对法律程式语的正确理解与辨析。
[Abstract]:Legal programming language is an important part of legal language, which is widely used in legislative language, judicial language and law enforcement language. Legal stylized language plays a very important role in the practice of legal legislation and judicial practice. Through the study of legal stylized language, we can strengthen the understanding of legal stylized language among legal workers. And cause more legal workers to participate in the study of legal stylized language, and promote legal practitioners to use legal stylized language consciously. Legal stylized language is a prefabricated or semi-prefabricated mode of expression formed by language in the application of legal activities, such as normative, rigorous, single vocabulary, sentence structure and so on. According to the application of legal programming language in historical documents and in modern legal activities, the formation of legal programming language can be summarized into five models, which are evolutionary models, respectively. Case model, transition pattern, logical model and universal model. The application of legal stylized language in legal activities has important pragmatic value and practical function, which is manifested in the simplicity, rhythmicity, standardization and prompt function of legal context, as well as the function of maintaining legal majesty. Legal stylized language also shows the characteristics of adaptability and generation in its application. The legal programming language shows two aspects: explicit and prescriptive in the expression of the rights and the prescribed obligations in the legislative discourse. In the distribution statistics of the application of explicit programming language and prescriptive programming language in 10 laws, it is found that the use frequency of prescriptive program is higher than that of explicit programming language. The obligatory programming language is used more frequently than the rights-conferred programming language. Legal programming language uses similar or similar expressions, whether in the expression of rights and obligations or in explicit and prescriptive expressions. The analysis of these similar or similar procedural languages can promote the legislative workers to choose the legal programming language accurately, and it can also promote the judicial workers to understand and differentiate the legal programming language correctly.
【作者单位】：江西农业大学法律语言学研究所;
【分类号】：D90-055

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