日本对过劳死的法律救济与预防
发布时间：2019-07-10 16:33
【摘要】：近年来,我国有关“过劳死”的报道见诸报端,可见其危害程度不容小觑。但法律中没有涉及到“过劳死”的有关内容,所以没有办法给“过劳死”下定义,也就无从评价这些案例中的死亡劳动者是不是“过劳死”,更没有办法对“过劳死”进行法律上的救济。相比之下,日本的过劳死现象严重,对于过劳死的研究已经有了相对较长的历史,其中主要是从工伤保险法和民法上对过劳死进行法律救济,另外在如何预防过劳死方面也进行了丰富的研究和探索。日本法上对于过劳死的概念定义和对于过劳死的法律性质界定,为过劳死的法律救济了提供理论基础。按照过劳死的概念定义,可将过劳死分为“工作上的过重负荷导致脑、心脏疾病死亡的”和“工作引起的强烈心理负荷导致精神疾病死亡的”。这两者在《劳动者灾害保险补偿法》上分别对应“脑、心脏疾病的业务上认定”和“精神疾病的业务上认定”。首先需要分别研究这两个部分如何认定为劳动灾害,再在此基础上研究相应的过劳死劳动灾害补偿给付。其次,介绍过劳死在民法上的救济。日本的劳动灾害保险补偿和民事损害赔偿之间是补充模式(过劳死劳动者既可以申请劳动者灾害保险补偿给付,也可以提起民事诉讼请求民事损害赔偿,但是最终所获得补偿或赔偿不能超过其实际遭受之利益损害)。其中涉及到依据侵权损害赔偿责任还是违约损害赔偿责任来请求雇主进行损害赔偿的问题,同时还有民事损害赔偿责任中损益相抵的保险金扣除问题,日本法中的相关做法对于我国实务中的工伤保险和民事赔偿的适用关系有参考价值。在过劳死的预防方面,日本民间的“过劳死110”、“过劳死家族会”等组织进行的活动在过劳死等的预防中发挥着重要的作用,积极推动了过劳死相关法律的制定。在民间力量推动之下,2014年实施的《过劳死等防止措施促进法》是一部专门针对防止过劳死等的劳动相关立法,通过对过劳死等的实际现状和相关研究的分析,致力于制定防止过劳死等的政策和采取相应的预防措施。《劳动安全卫生法》是规范劳动安全管理的法律,其中有关于预防过劳死的相关立法规定。2005年经过修改,又增加了雇主必须安排长时间劳动的劳动者(经申请)和医师进行面谈的义务。本文通过对日本过劳死的法律救济和预防的相关介绍,希望能够总结经验,实现对“过劳死”劳动者的工伤认定和救济,但最重要的还是能够预防“过劳死”的出现,保证劳动者的身心健康。
[Abstract]:In recent years, the report of the relevant "overwork" of our country is at the news end, and it can be seen that the degree of harm is not allowed to be small. However, there is no relevant content of the "overwork" in the law, so there is no way to define the "overwork", and there is no way to evaluate whether the dead worker in these cases is a "overwork", and there is no way to legally remedy the "overwork". In contrast, there has been a relatively long history of overwork in Japan, which has been a relatively long history in the study of overwork, mainly from the work-related injury insurance law and the civil law to the legal relief of overwork, and also a lot of research and exploration on how to prevent overwork. On the basis of the definition of the concept of overwork and the legal nature of overwork, the Japanese law provides a theoretical basis for the legal relief of overwork. According to the concept of overwork, the overwork can be divided into "The heavy load on the work results in the death of the brain and the heart." and "The strong mental load caused by the work causes a mental illness to die.". Both of these are corresponding to the "The business of brain and heart disease." and the "The business of mental illness." in the labor disaster insurance compensation method. First of all, it is necessary to study how these two parts are identified as labor disasters, and then to study the corresponding labor disaster compensation benefits. Secondly, the relief of overwork in civil law is introduced. In Japan, the compensation for labor disaster insurance and civil damages is a supplementary model (the worker can apply for the compensation of the worker's disaster insurance), and the civil damages for civil action may be filed. However, that final compensation or compensation cannot exceed the actual damage to which it is actually subject. in which the liability for damages for tort damages or the liability for damages for breach of contract is involved in the request of the employer for damages, and there is also a question of the deduction of the insurance benefits in the liability of civil damages, The relevant practice in the Japanese law is of reference value to the application of industrial injury insurance and civil compensation in the practice of our country. In the prevention of overwork and death, the activities of the "Over-work death 110", "The over-the-death family will" and other organizations of the Japanese civil society play an important role in the prevention of overwork and the like, and actively promoted the development of the relevant laws of overwork and death. Under the promotion of the folk power, the Promotion Law of the Prevention of Overwork and the like implemented in 2014 is a special labor-related legislation designed to prevent overwork, and through the analysis of the actual present situation and relevant research on the death of overwork, It is committed to the development of policies to prevent overwork and to take corresponding preventive measures. The Law on Occupational Safety and Health is a law regulating the management of labor safety, including relevant legislative provisions on the prevention of overwork. In 2005, it has been amended and the employer's obligation to arrange for a long-time working worker (as applied) and a physician must be arranged. In this paper, through the introduction of the legal relief and prevention of overwork in Japan, it is hoped that we can sum up the experience and realize the work-related injury identification and relief of the "overwork" workers, but the most important is to prevent the appearance of the "overwork" and guarantee the physical and mental health of the workers.
【学位授予单位】：南京师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D931.3;DD912.5
本文编号：2512728
[Abstract]:In recent years, the report of the relevant "overwork" of our country is at the news end, and it can be seen that the degree of harm is not allowed to be small. However, there is no relevant content of the "overwork" in the law, so there is no way to define the "overwork", and there is no way to evaluate whether the dead worker in these cases is a "overwork", and there is no way to legally remedy the "overwork". In contrast, there has been a relatively long history of overwork in Japan, which has been a relatively long history in the study of overwork, mainly from the work-related injury insurance law and the civil law to the legal relief of overwork, and also a lot of research and exploration on how to prevent overwork. On the basis of the definition of the concept of overwork and the legal nature of overwork, the Japanese law provides a theoretical basis for the legal relief of overwork. According to the concept of overwork, the overwork can be divided into "The heavy load on the work results in the death of the brain and the heart." and "The strong mental load caused by the work causes a mental illness to die.". Both of these are corresponding to the "The business of brain and heart disease." and the "The business of mental illness." in the labor disaster insurance compensation method. First of all, it is necessary to study how these two parts are identified as labor disasters, and then to study the corresponding labor disaster compensation benefits. Secondly, the relief of overwork in civil law is introduced. In Japan, the compensation for labor disaster insurance and civil damages is a supplementary model (the worker can apply for the compensation of the worker's disaster insurance), and the civil damages for civil action may be filed. However, that final compensation or compensation cannot exceed the actual damage to which it is actually subject. in which the liability for damages for tort damages or the liability for damages for breach of contract is involved in the request of the employer for damages, and there is also a question of the deduction of the insurance benefits in the liability of civil damages, The relevant practice in the Japanese law is of reference value to the application of industrial injury insurance and civil compensation in the practice of our country. In the prevention of overwork and death, the activities of the "Over-work death 110", "The over-the-death family will" and other organizations of the Japanese civil society play an important role in the prevention of overwork and the like, and actively promoted the development of the relevant laws of overwork and death. Under the promotion of the folk power, the Promotion Law of the Prevention of Overwork and the like implemented in 2014 is a special labor-related legislation designed to prevent overwork, and through the analysis of the actual present situation and relevant research on the death of overwork, It is committed to the development of policies to prevent overwork and to take corresponding preventive measures. The Law on Occupational Safety and Health is a law regulating the management of labor safety, including relevant legislative provisions on the prevention of overwork. In 2005, it has been amended and the employer's obligation to arrange for a long-time working worker (as applied) and a physician must be arranged. In this paper, through the introduction of the legal relief and prevention of overwork in Japan, it is hoped that we can sum up the experience and realize the work-related injury identification and relief of the "overwork" workers, but the most important is to prevent the appearance of the "overwork" and guarantee the physical and mental health of the workers.
【学位授予单位】：南京师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D931.3;DD912.5
【参考文献】
相关期刊论文 前10条
1 杨河清;王欣;;过劳问题研究的路径与动向[J];经济学动态;2015年08期
2 周慧琳;;论“过劳死”的法律性质及救济途径[J];法制与社会;2015年19期
3 田思路;贾秀芬;;日本“过劳死”和“过劳自杀”的认定基准与启示[J];中国人力资源开发;2014年19期
4 郭晓宏;;日本“过劳死”工伤认定的立法及启示[J];中国人力资源开发;2014年19期
5 于欣华;;工伤保险到底保护谁[J];现代职业安全;2013年11期
6 郑晓珊;;日本过劳自杀工伤规制之借镜 从富士康事件谈起[J];中外法学;2013年02期
7 李菁凤;;“过劳死”法律探讨[J];湖南医科大学学报(社会科学版);2010年01期
8 孙国平;;“过劳死”的比较法思考[J];当代法学;2010年01期
9 董保华;;论非标准劳动关系[J];学术研究;2008年07期
10 毛清芳;张桂芝;;工伤的法律救济制度研究——中国工伤保险制度的发展与完善[J];兰州大学学报(社会科学版);2007年04期
相关硕士学位论文 前3条
1 吴迪;日本学者“过劳”问题研究述评[D];首都经济贸易大学;2013年
2 金剑;中日工伤保险制度比较研究[D];首都经济贸易大学;2013年
3 汪飞;“过劳死”的法律规制研究[D];贵州大学;2008年
，本文编号：2512728
本文链接：https://www.wllwen.com/falvlunwen/falilunwen/2512728.html
