刑事审判组织审判权虚置现象研究

发布时间：2018-01-29 18:54

本文关键词： 刑事审判组织审判权审判独立公正措施　出处：《内蒙古大学》2012年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：刑事审判组织的根本职能就是行使刑事审判权,刑事审判组织必须要拥有并能独立行使,如果一个刑事审判组织未能行使完整意义上的刑事审判权,则这种市判权虚置现象毫无疑问是不合法甚至是非理性的。刑事审判组织独立审判的地位没有得到保障,最为突出的两大障碍是院长、庭长对案件把关制度和案件报送上级法院请示制度；同时人民法院内部实施的案件质量评估体系和刑事量刑规范化制度等也有碍刑事审判权的公正行使和被告人权利保障。合议庭作为最主要的审判组织,合议审判是原则,然而,立法所规定的必须广泛适用的合议制审判在司法实践中却发生严重异化,呈现出“形合实独”的特点；某些地方党政机关领导插手具体刑事案件的办理,通过“专案组”、“大三长会议”等操控刑事审判权,“以权驭法”、“未审先定”、“提前介入”等现象见怪不怪,已成为办理大要案的常态；重庆打黑过程中也暴露出一系列干预刑事审判权的问题；审判委员会凌驾于刑事审判组织之上“不审而定”,与刑事审判原则相冲突。关于刑事审判方式改革的问题一直充斥刑事诉讼研究领域,从庭审方式到非法证据排除,以此来追求审判效果的公正和保障被告人的权利,而没有关注到导致审判不公正和被告人权利无法得以充分保障的一个主要因素,就是上述现象中反映的刑事审判组织审判权被“虚置”,审判组织的刑事审判权未能充分行使。受我国刊法体制及司法保障机制的限制,刑事审判权的行使常常并非法院或法官所能左右,要想改变刑事审判组织审判权虚置的现状,要实现司法公正、司法独立、司法效率的价值目标,就必须对现存的一系列不合法的做法予以改变,对不合理的制度予以纠正充分保障被告人的合法权利和我国刑事审判的权威和公信力,实现公正审判的价值目标。笔者以所在法院刑事审判组织运行的状况为突破口,通过对本单位的调研和对全国有影响的案件的分析,揭露当前我国实践中刑事审判组织市判权虚置的现状,认为法院内部不合理的制度、某些党政机关对刑事审判权的干预、审判委员会的制约、法院地方化等是导致刑事审判权虚置的主要因素,进而结合刑事审判权的基本原理,比较国外审判组织的先进做法和审判独立的国际标准,提出了构建精英化和职业化的法官队伍、完善陪审员制度、废除案件请示制度、改革裁判文书审签制度、逐步改革审判委员会等解决刑事审判组织审判权虚置现象的合理措施。
[Abstract]:The fundamental function of the criminal trial organization is to exercise the criminal jurisdiction. The criminal trial organization must have and be able to exercise it independently, if a criminal trial organization fails to exercise the criminal jurisdiction in a complete sense. Then this phenomenon of false judicial power is no doubt illegal or even irrational. The status of independent trial of criminal trial organization has not been guaranteed, the two most prominent obstacles are the president. The chief judge shall check the case and refer the case to the higher court; At the same time, the case quality evaluation system and the standardized criminal sentencing system implemented by the people's court also hinder the fair exercise of criminal jurisdiction and the protection of the rights of the defendant. The collegial panel is the most important trial organization. The collegial trial is the principle, however, the collegial system, which must be widely applied in the legislation, is seriously dissimilated in the judicial practice, showing the characteristic of "the combination of reality and the independence of reality". Some local party and government organs have interfered in the handling of specific criminal cases by manipulating criminal jurisdiction through "special cases teams," "senior junior meetings," and so on. "early intervention" and other phenomena are not surprising, has become the normal handling of major cases; Chongqing also exposed a series of interference in criminal jurisdiction in the process of fighting against the black; The trial committee is superior to the criminal trial organization "does not try but decides", conflicts with the criminal trial principle. The question about the criminal trial method reform has been flooding the criminal procedure research domain. From the trial mode to the exclusion of illegal evidence, in order to pursue the trial effect of justice and protection of the rights of the accused, and did not pay attention to the unfair trial and the defendant's rights can not be fully guaranteed a major factor. That is, the judicial power of the criminal trial organization reflected in the above phenomenon is "fictitious", and the criminal trial power of the trial organization is not fully exercised, which is restricted by the publication law system and the judicial guarantee mechanism of our country. The exercise of criminal jurisdiction is often beyond the control of the court or judge. In order to change the status quo of the virtual judicial power in criminal trial organizations, the value goals of judicial justice, judicial independence and judicial efficiency should be realized. It is necessary to change a series of existing illegal practices, correct the unreasonable system and fully guarantee the legal rights of the accused and the authority and credibility of the criminal trial in our country. To achieve the value of a fair trial. The author takes the operation of the criminal trial organization in the court as a breakthrough, through the investigation of the unit and the analysis of the cases that have an impact on the whole country. To expose the current situation of criminal trial organization in the practice of virtual judicial power in our country, think that the court internal unreasonable system, some party and government organs to intervene in the criminal trial power, the restriction of the trial committee. The localization of the court is the main factor that leads to the virtual establishment of the criminal jurisdiction, and then combines the basic principle of the criminal jurisdiction, compares the advanced practice of the foreign trial organization and the international standard of the trial independence. Put forward the construction of elite and professional judges, improve the system of jurors, abolish the system of requests for cases, reform the system of adjudication documents. Gradually reform the trial committee and other reasonable measures to solve the criminal trial organization judicial power false phenomenon.
【学位授予单位】：内蒙古大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D926.2

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