罪犯脱逃的法律责任

发布时间：2018-02-27 18:03

本文关键词： 罪犯脱逃法律责任　出处：《西南财经大学》2012年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：监狱是国家的刑罚执行机关,履行惩罚和改造罪犯的职能。罪犯被依法关押在监狱,并因此失去了人身自由。重新获得人身自由,早日获得人身自由,是罪犯的最大梦想。绝大多数罪犯通过努力改造,争取减刑、假释或等待刑满释放,来获得人身自由,但少数罪犯则是使用极端手段,非法实施脱逃。脱逃和反脱逃成为监狱和罪犯之间永恒的话题。如何划分罪犯脱逃中的法律责任?罪犯违反法律,脱离国家监管机关的监控,理应承担法律责任,但是,监狱民警在罪犯脱逃案中,有无失职渎职,应否承担法律责任?承担什么样的法律责任?是一个值得研究的课题。本文主要内容包括四个部分：第一部分介绍了监狱及其功能,罪犯及惩罚,罪犯脱逃及其社会危害性。第二部分对司法实践中收集来的罪犯脱逃案进行类型化研究,分析了监控方和被监控方两个对立面在罪犯脱逃案件中的不同作用。第三部分是罪犯脱逃的法律责任划分,分别对脱逃罪、私放在押人员罪和失职致使在押人员脱逃罪的犯罪构成要件进行分析,对于理论界和实务界在某些问题上的不同观点和认识,在总结既有研究成果的基础上,提出了自己的观点,并说明了理由。第四部分是监控方的免责情形,分析了罪犯脱逃的综合因素,提出了监控方的免责情形和完善法律规范的建议。本文的主要观点是：文章通过对罪犯脱逃的类型化研究,将脱逃案划分为三类：一是被监控方为主的脱逃案件,二是监控方和被监控方共同作用下的脱逃案件,三是监控方为主的脱逃案件。根据监控方和被监控方在罪犯脱逃中所起的不同作用,分别承担不同的法律责任：被监控方构成脱逃罪,监控方构成私放在押人员罪、失职致使在押人员脱逃罪或不承担法律责任。对理论界和实务界存在不同认识的脱逃罪的主体及客观方面、私放在押人员罪的主观方面、失职致使在押人员脱逃罪的客观方面及监控方的免责情形等问题提出了自己的观点。本文的研究意义在于：通过对被监控方和监控方在罪犯脱逃中的法律责任分析,找到了对罪犯脱逃承担法律责任的主体和类型。研究意义主要有两方面：一是提出了完善失职致使在押人员脱逃罪法律规范的建议。失职致使在押人员脱逃罪的法律条文中“严重不负责”和“造成严重后果”没有具体的量化标准,使本罪的认定有一定难度,而是否构成本罪,关系着监控方罪与非罪。因此,为准确划分罪犯脱逃中相关人员的法律责任,有必要进一步完善失职致使在押人员脱逃罪的法律规范。二是提出了罪犯脱逃案件中,监控方的免责情形。影响罪犯脱逃的综合因素很多,其中监控方轻微违法或因不可抗力导致的罪犯脱逃,监控方免责,不承担罪犯脱逃的法律责任。希望以此抛砖引玉,推进惩治和预防罪犯脱逃法律规范的进一步完善。
[Abstract]:The prison is the penal executive organ of the state. It performs the functions of punishing and reforming criminals. The criminals are held in prisons according to law, and as a result, they lose their personal freedom... to regain their personal freedom and to obtain their personal freedom at an early date, It is the greatest dream of criminals. The vast majority of criminals seek personal freedom by trying hard to reform their sentences, commuting their sentences, parole or waiting for their release, but a few criminals use extreme means. Escape and anti-escape become the eternal topic between the prison and the criminal. How to divide the legal responsibility of the criminal escape? Criminals who violate the law and break away from state supervision should bear legal responsibility. However, should the prison police take legal responsibility if they have dereliction of duty and dereliction of duty in the escape cases of criminals?. What kind of legal liability? It is a subject worth studying. The main contents of this paper include four parts: the first part introduces the prison and its function, the criminals and punishment, the criminal escape and its social harmfulness. This paper analyzes the different roles of the two opposites of the monitor and the monitored in the criminal escape case. The third part is the division of the legal responsibility of the criminal escape, respectively to escape the crime, Based on the analysis of the constitutive elements of the crime of private release of detainees and the crime of absconding detainees from their duties, this paper summarizes the existing research results on the basis of summarizing the different viewpoints and understandings of the theoretical and practical circles on some issues. The author puts forward his own viewpoint and explains the reasons. Part 4th is the disclaimer of the monitor party, analyzes the comprehensive factors of the criminal escape, and puts forward the exemption situation of the monitor party and the suggestion of perfecting the legal norm. The main points of this paper are as follows: the article divides the escape cases into three categories through the study of the types of criminal escape: one is the escape cases dominated by the monitored parties, the other is the escape cases under the joint action of the monitored parties and the monitored parties. The third is the escape cases dominated by the supervisory side. According to the different roles played by the supervisory side and the monitored party in the escape of the criminal, they respectively bear different legal responsibilities: the monitored party constitutes the escape crime, and the monitor party constitutes the crime of private release of the detainees. Dereliction of duty causes detainees to escape or not to bear legal responsibility. The subjective and objective aspects of the crime of escaping from detention, which have different understandings of the theoretical and practical circles, and the subjective aspects of the crime of private release of detainees, Dereliction of duty leads to the objective aspects of the crime of escape of detainees and the circumstances of exemption of the supervising party, and puts forward its own views. The research significance of this paper lies in: through the analysis of the legal liability of the monitored party and the monitored party in the escape of the criminal, The author has found the subject and type of legal responsibility for criminal escape. The significance of the study is mainly in two aspects: first, the suggestion of perfecting the legal norms of dereliction of duty causing the prisoner to escape from his or her duties is put forward, and the dereliction of duty causes the prisoner to escape from the crime of escape. There are no specific quantitative criteria for "serious irresponsibility" and "serious consequences" in the text of the law, It is difficult to identify this crime, and whether it constitutes this crime or not is related to the crime of monitoring and non-crime. Therefore, in order to accurately divide the legal responsibility of the relevant personnel in the escape of the criminal, It is necessary to further improve the legal norms of dereliction of duty leading to the crime of escaping prisoners. Second, it is proposed that there are many comprehensive factors affecting the escape of criminals in cases of escape of criminals. It is hoped that the supervisory side will break the law slightly or escape the criminal caused by force majeure and not bear the legal responsibility for the criminal escape, hoping to further improve the legal norms for punishing and preventing the criminals from escaping.
【学位授予单位】：西南财经大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D926.7;D924.3

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