《清华大学藏战国竹简》所见古代法中的司法理念与道德精神

发布时间：2018-03-07 09:05

本文选题：清华简　切入点：求中　出处：《湖北大学学报(哲学社会科学版)》2012年03期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：从古史重建的角度看,清华简可以说具有非凡的意义。清华简所载多为殷周时期的史事,史料价值可与《尚书》相媲美,一些文献不仅可以印证《尚书》等先秦古籍或周代金文的记载,甚至还能弥补相关记载的不足,并能纠正相关记载的错误。清华简对研究上古法律思想史也有重要意义。"求中"即寻求中道,反映了一种治国方法,"得中"即实现中道,反映了一种政治价值的实现,而中道观念在司法领域的表现是"中罚",它体现了一种司法公正的价值。"明刑"或"慎刑"说强调了慎用刑罚的政治意义,它关乎国家的兴衰存亡;"明刑"也是周代统治者大力提倡的一个司法原则。"明德"或"敬德"说强调了养成谨慎之德的重要性,明德不仅是一种政治道德,更是一种司法道德,具备明德的官员从事司法审判才会有司法公正。"天命"观是周代法律思想的理论根据,政权的合法性来源于天命,立法和司法的合法性也来源于天命;但周人又强调"以德配天",只有有德之人才有资格获得天命——其背后的含义是:道德是政治的决定性因素,也是立法和司法步入正途的决定性因素。总之,"天命"说为周代的政治法律思想提供了一种形而上的神圣根据,并对中国的政治传统和法律传统产生了深刻而持久的影响。
[Abstract]:From the perspective of the reconstruction of ancient history, Qinghua Bamboo slips can be said to be of extraordinary significance. Most of them are historical events of the Yin and Zhou dynasties, and the value of historical materials can be comparable to that of the Shang Shu. Some documents can not only confirm the records of the ancient books of the pre-Qin period or the Jin Dynasty of the Zhou Dynasty, but also make up for the deficiency of the relevant records. It is also of great significance to the study of the history of ancient legal thought. "seeking middle" means seeking the middle path, which reflects a method of governing the country. "winning the middle" means realizing the middle path and reflecting the realization of a political value. In the judicial field, the concept of the middle way is "punishment in the middle", which embodies the value of judicial justice. The theory of "Ming penalty" or "careful punishment" emphasizes the political significance of careful use of punishment. It is related to the rise and fall of a country, and "Ming penalty" is also a judicial principle advocated by the rulers of the Zhou Dynasty. The theory of "Ming de" or "Jing de" emphasizes the importance of cultivating the moral of prudence, which is not only a political morality, but also a judicial morality. The view of "destiny" is the theoretical basis of the legal thought of Zhou Dynasty, the legitimacy of political power comes from the destiny, and the legality of legislation and judicature also comes from the destiny; But the Zhou people also stressed that "matching virtue with heaven" and that only those who have virtue are qualified for the destiny-the implication behind it is that morality is the decisive factor in politics. In a word, the theory of "destiny" provided a metaphysical sacred basis for the political and legal thought of Zhou Dynasty and had a profound and lasting influence on Chinese political and legal tradition.
【作者单位】：中国政法大学法学院;
【基金】：司法部资助项目:09SFB2010
【分类号】：K877;D926;D929

【共引文献】