检察机关在我国环境公益诉讼中定位探析

发布时间：2018-03-18 14:22

本文选题：公益诉讼　切入点：环境公益诉讼　出处：《华东政法大学》2012年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：环境问题是人类社会历史发展中的必然产物，我国自改革开放以来逐步意识到环境保护的重要作用和战略意义，反映到法律领域，即不断重视对环境公益的保护，，将环保纳入法治化、系统化轨道。然而公益诉讼本身并非法律上概念，为替公益诉讼需求法律上的依据，理论家和实务工作者从各自的领域出发，进行理论创新，尝试实践操作，逐渐形成了公益诉讼的一些基本理论，但是其中权威性论述仍显不足。当前正值双诉讼法修改之际，刑事诉讼法修改已然完成，而民事诉讼法草案仍然处于讨论中，目前都未能够给公益诉讼带来法律上依据。本文即在这一背景下结合国内外环境公益诉讼立法及理论研究成果的基础上，进行综合分析：第一部分，解析环境公益诉讼相关概念和特征，引进西方国家公益诉讼的立法与实践活动，通过比较法研究的方法了解域外环境公益诉讼的运行模式和国际立法趋势，为从中借鉴有益经验，使我国环境公益立法能够接轨国际做准备。第二部分，通过介绍我国检察机关及相关部门在实践中的探索及经验点明了我国在当前环境下进行了相当数量的针对环境公益诉讼的努力，但是仍然为制度缺失所桎梏。在实践中我国环境公益诉讼呈现出地区发展不平衡的状态，最高检指导下的地区试点工作正在开展中并取得了一定成果，但是在成绩下我们不得忽视试点工作在横向贯深及纵向延展上的缺失，这一局限是为笔者试图进行下文理论建构的意旨所在。第三部分，从历史渊源及现实需要等多角度证明检察机关作为公权力部门一员介入公益诉讼尤其是环境公益诉讼的可行性与必要性。通过分析可证明检察机关介入公益诉讼的举措在我国检察史上并非首创，传统检察制度已有先例；而实践中立法、行政、司法各部门总体上亦持支持态度。因而为建立检察机关环境公益诉讼主体地位提供了一定的基础。第四部分，在相关理论研究及实践探索经验的支持下，笔者意图从主体资格、起诉顺位、处分权能等多方面进行设计，建构出检察机关在环境公益诉讼中的定位。笔者认为现代公益诉讼应当为一定限制下的开放性诉讼，起诉主体理应呈现出多元化特点，检察机关在其中应当居于最后保障地位，同时处分权能的规定需要吸收其定位特点做特殊的规定。整篇布文依照自域外及国内，从实践到理论的顺序依次递进，挖掘问题并解决问题，试图达到逻辑上的连贯性。
[Abstract]:The environmental problem is the inevitable outcome of the historical development of human society. Since the reform and opening up, our country has gradually realized the important role and strategic significance of environmental protection, which is reflected in the legal field, that is, paying more attention to the protection of environmental public welfare. However, public interest litigation itself is not a legal concept. In order to replace the legal basis of public interest litigation needs, theorists and practitioners from their respective fields to carry out theoretical innovation, Trying to practice has gradually formed some basic theories of public interest litigation, but the authoritative exposition is still insufficient. At present, when the double procedural law is being amended, the revision of the criminal procedure law has already been completed. However, the draft civil procedure law is still under discussion and has not been able to bring legal basis to public interest litigation at present. This paper makes a comprehensive analysis on the basis of combining the legislation and theoretical research results of environmental public interest litigation at home and abroad under this background. The first part, analyzes the related concepts and characteristics of environmental public interest litigation, introduces the legislation and practice activities of public interest litigation in western countries, and through the method of comparative law to understand the operating mode and the international legislative trend of foreign environmental public interest litigation. In order to draw lessons from the beneficial experience, so that our environmental public welfare legislation can be in line with international preparations. The second part, through the introduction of our procuratorial organs and related departments in practice and experience points out that our country has carried out a considerable number of environmental public interest litigation efforts under the current environment. However, it is still shackled by the lack of system. In practice, environmental public interest litigation in China presents an unbalanced state of regional development. The pilot work under the guidance of the Supreme Procuratorate is being carried out and certain achievements have been made. However, we should not ignore the lack of horizontal penetration and vertical extension in the pilot work under the achievement, which is the intention of the author trying to construct the following theory. Part three, This paper proves the feasibility and necessity of the procuratorial organ, as a member of the public power department, to intervene in the public interest litigation, especially the environmental public welfare litigation, from the angle of historical origin and realistic need. Through the analysis, it can be proved that the procuratorial organ is involved in the public interest litigation. Was not the first in the history of our country's procuratorial work. There are precedents in the traditional procuratorial system, and in practice, the legislative, administrative and judicial departments also hold a supportive attitude, which provides a certain basis for the establishment of the principal position of the procuratorial organs in environmental public interest litigation. Part 4th, with the support of relevant theoretical research and practical exploration experience, the author intends to design from many aspects, such as subject qualification, prosecution rank, disposition power, etc. The author thinks that the modern public interest litigation should be an open lawsuit under certain restrictions, the main body of prosecution should be pluralistic, and the procuratorial organ should be the last safeguard. At the same time, the regulation of disposition power needs to absorb its positioning characteristics to make special provisions. According to the sequence from practice to theory, the whole article is progressive, mining problems and solving problems, trying to achieve logical coherence.
【学位授予单位】：华东政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D926.3;D925.1

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