上下位法“相抵触”的认定标准

发布时间：2018-03-29 14:21

本文选题：相抵触　切入点：上位法　出处：《浙江大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：下位法不得与上位法相抵触,是法院适用法律时处理规范冲突的原则之一。我国现有的法律规范对上下位法相抵触没有做出明确的规定。其中主要以立法法的规定作为主要依据。立法法只是对与上位法相抵触的下位法设立了撤销制度,对如何判定上下位法相抵触并没有提及,使得原本就没有司法审查权的法院在实践中找不到统一的标准。本文从法律规范文本对"相抵触"的表述、"相抵触"的相关学理解释和司法实践对"相抵触"认定三个方面对相抵触的涵义进行梳理和分析,进一步从法律位阶理论的学理基础分析,从而完善"相抵触"的概念,即:所谓下位法与上位法相抵触,指有权机关,通过正当程序,认为上下位法针对同一事项,下位法的规定与上位法的规定相冲突或上位法授权下位立法而下位法违背上位法的精神和原则做出规定。在完善相抵触概念的基础上,本文进一步分析出认定相抵触标准的三个要件。即认定"相抵触"需具备的前提、形式要件和实质要件。前提有三个:其一,下位法与上位法之间存在冲突;其二,判定结果具有法律效力;其三,穷尽法律解释仍不能自洽。形式要件有三个:其一,抵触发生在属于上下位阶关系的法律之间;其二,上下位法均合法有效;其三,需针对同一事项或经上位法授权。实质要件有一个:使行政相对人"授益"减少或使行政相对人"损益"增加。关于"规则抵触"和"原则抵触",本文认为在上下位法对同一事项均有规定的时候,上下位法之间的抵触为规则抵触,在上位法无规定而下位法有规定的时候,上下位法之间的抵触为原则抵触。规则抵触和原则抵触是在认定上下位法构成相抵触之后的两种情形,而不是判定"相抵触"的标准。
[Abstract]:The inferior law shall not conflict with the superior law, It is one of the principles to deal with the conflict of norms when the court applies the law. The existing legal norms of our country have not made a clear provision for the conflict between the upper and lower laws. The main basis is the provisions of the legislative law. The legislative law is just. The system of revocation has been established for the lower law, which is in conflict with the upper law. There is no mention of how to determine the conflict between the upper and lower laws, So that the courts without judicial review power in practice can not find a unified standard. This article from the legal norms of the text of the expression of "conflict", "conflict" of the relevant theoretical interpretation and judicial practice to "conflict" recognition. Defining three aspects to sort out and analyze the meaning of conflict, Further analysis from the theoretical basis of the legal rank theory, thus perfecting the concept of "conflict", that is, the so-called inferior law and the superior law conflict, refers to the authority, through due process, think that the upper and lower law is aimed at the same matter. The provisions of the lower law conflict with the provisions of the upper law or the upper law empowers the lower legislation while the lower law violates the spirit and principle of the upper law. This paper further analyzes the three elements of the standard of conflict, that is, the prerequisite, formal and substantive elements of the determination of conflict. There are three prerequisites: first, there is a conflict between the lower law and the upper law; second, the conflict between the lower law and the upper law; the second, the conflict between the lower law and the upper law; The result of judgment has legal effect; third, the exhaustive legal interpretation is still not self-consistent. There are three elements of form: first, the conflict occurs between the laws belonging to the upper and lower levels; second, the upper and lower laws are legal and effective; third, It is necessary to aim at the same matter or be authorized by the superior law. There is one essential element: to reduce or increase the "profit and loss" of the administrative counterpart. As for "conflict of rules" and "conflict of principle", this article holds that. When the lower law provides for the same matter, The conflict between the upper and lower laws is a conflict of rules, when there is no provision in the upper law and the lower law, The conflict between the upper and lower laws is the conflict of principle. The conflict of rules and principles is the two situations after the determination of the conflict between the upper and lower laws, rather than the criterion of "conflict".
【学位授予单位】：浙江大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D920.0;D926.2

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