法国行政法院制度研究

发布时间：2018-04-09 04:12

本文选题：行政法院　切入点：主要制度　出处：《中国地质大学（北京）》2011年硕士论文

【摘要】：法国法分属于大陆法系,是大陆法系的典型代表,法国的行政法在法律领域与世界其他国家相比又是比较完善的,法国之所以被称为“行政法的母国”,其行政法是相当发达的,它创立的制度和原则不仅被大陆法系国家所吸收,而且也被普通法系的国家所学习。法国行政法的发展是随着行政法院的产生、发展而逐渐成熟的。法国在世界上首先建立了由独立于司法系统以外的行政法院对行政权予以控制的先河。其设立之目的是为了保护行政权不受法院审判权的非法干预,其强调行政的独立性,这有着深刻的理论基础和历史背景。法国行政法院是国际司法审查领域的一朵奇葩,为世人关注。在世界范围内,往往以法国的行政法院制度作为行政诉讼的典型,法国的行政诉讼有专门的行政法院审理,独立、精密的行政法院组织体系,专业的行政法官,严格的执行制度,对行政判例制度的发展等是法国独具特色的行政法院制度基础,创造了现代意义的行政法,实现了权力控制、行政咨询、人权保障和审判专门化的功能。目前,我国采取在普通法院内设立行政审判庭的行政审判体制,这种体制在保护公民、法人和其他组织的合法权益,维护监督行政主体依法行使职权起到了积极的作用。但随着社会主义法制国家的进程,我国公民的法律意识的不断增强,行政审判中出现的问题越来越多,这种审判体制的弊端也日益暴露。如:法官专业性知识欠缺和行政经验不足;法官判案受同级政府的约束;执行难;司法地方化和司法行政化等问题,这极大地妨碍了我国行政诉讼目的的实现。因此,本文试图分析法国行政法院产生的理论基础、历史演变,重点研究法国行政法院的主要制度,并借鉴国内外其它国家的成功经验,系统的对法国行政法院制度进行评价,从中汲取对我国行政审判制度的有利经验,借鉴其经验,以便促进我国行政审判制度的改革和完善,甚至对于整个司法体制改革进一步走向深入都具有非常重要的意义。
[Abstract]:Belongs to the continental law system is a typical representative of French law, civil law, administrative law of France in the legal field compared with other countries in the world is perfect, France is called the "administrative law country", the administrative law is quite developed, it was not only the principles of the system and is absorbed by the continental law system the state, but also by the common law countries. The development of learning French administrative law is administrative court with production, development and maturity. The French in the world first established by the administrative court independent judicial system to control administrative power beyond precedent. The aim is to protect the administrative right the illegal intervention of jurisdiction, the independence of its emphasis on administration, which has profound theoretical basis and historical background.
The French administrative court is an exotic flower in the fields of international judicial review, for the world attention. In the world, often to the French administrative court system as a typical administrative litigation, administrative litigation in France have special administrative court, independent administrative court, precision organization system, professional administrative judge, strict execution the system of administrative precedent system development is the foundation of French unique administrative court system, created the modern administrative law, the administrative power control, consulting, human rights protection and judicial specialized functions.
At present, our country adopts the establishment of the administrative tribunal in the ordinary courts within the administrative judicial system, this system in the protection of citizens, legal persons and other organizations of the legitimate rights and interests, maintaining and supervising the administrative subject to exercise authority has played a positive role. But with the process of socialist legal system country, the legal consciousness of our citizens continue to enhance the in the administrative trial appear more and more problems, the malpractice of the trial system are also increasingly exposed. Such as: the lack of professional knowledge and administrative experience; the judge was constrained by the government; difficult to implement; the local justice and judicial administrative problems, which greatly hindered the realization of China's administrative litigation purpose. Therefore, this paper tries to analyze the theoretical basis, the historical evolution of the French administrative court, mainly focuses on the system of administrative court in France, and learn from the successful countries at home and abroad by the Test system for evaluation of the French administrative court system, draw beneficial experience for China's administrative trial system in draw lessons from its experience, in order to promote the reform of the administrative judicial system and perfect, even for the further deepening the reform of the judicial system has a very important significance.

【学位授予单位】：中国地质大学（北京）
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D956.5;DD916.2;DD915.4

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