从刑事司法实践看我国陪审制重构

发布时间：2018-04-12 11:29

本文选题：刑事司法实践 + 陪审制　；参考：《西南政法大学》2011年硕士论文

【摘要】：自1949年我国实行人民陪审制来,该制度已在我国实行六十余年,因其在实际运行中的象征意义大于实际意义,法学界与实务界就此展开了一场针对人民陪审制的存废之争。而支持人民陪审制保留或改革的文章大多是从陪审制的价值来谈陪审制存在的必要,少有人分析到中国当前的司法实践是否需要陪审制的存在。本文行文的目的在于通过剖析中国当前刑事司法实践中存在的问题,从而来论证陪审制在中国存在的必要性。同时通过对目前所运行的人民陪审制弊端的分析论证其改革的必要性,并提出简单的改革设想。文章共分为四部分: 在第一部分,笔者结合案例从三个方面对当前刑事司法实践中存在的显著问题进行了剖析。首先,分析了影响我国司法独立的主要原因,即受到强权干预和民意“绑架”。其次,针对我国的司法公正问题受到群众高度关注的现状,分析了影响我国司法公正的三项重要原因,即司法腐败、“疯狂”的民意以及缺乏中立意识的法官。最后,针对我国司法公信力受到空前质疑的问题,分析了损害司法公信力的主要原因,即司法独立性难以保障、公众对司法公正缺乏信任、司法与社会未建立起有效的交流沟通机制。在第二部分,笔者重点论述了陪审制在解决上述问题中所能发挥的重要作用。首先,分析了陪审制对于实现司法独立所起到的作用,即陪审制能够较好的处理司法与民意的关系,使司法免受民意“绑架”;陪审制能够切断地方权力与司法权的联系,使司法免受外界干预;陪审制能够冲击审判的行政化积弊,实现法官独立与审级独立。其次,分析了陪审制对于实现司法公正所起到的作用,即除了有利于维护司法独立外,还有利于防止司法腐败,有利于遏制法官的追诉意识。最后,分析了陪审制在提升司法公信力方面所起到的作用,即除了有利于维护司法独立、实现司法公正外,还有助于使司法与社会相互融合、相互影响。在第三部份,笔者从六个方面分析了我国人民陪审制的现状及缺陷,并指出我国人民陪审制在维护司法独立、确保司法公正、提升司法公信力方面难以发挥作用。首先,指出了我国人民陪审制法律地位日渐式微的现状。其次,指出人民陪审员的资格设定及遴选程序缺乏民主性,难以体现陪审制的民主性,也难以维护司法独立、实现司法公正。第三,指出了人民陪审制的适用范围过于随意,导致陪审制难以发挥实效。第四,指出在当前人民陪审制度的设计下,人民陪审员不具有真正意义上的独立地位,人民陪审员对案件的裁决难以发挥实质影响,导致人民陪审制的裁判亦缺乏权威性。第五,指出了人民陪审员的职业化现象突出,不利于人民陪审员对职业法官的监督,增加了人民陪审员贪污腐败的可能性,难以体现陪审制的民主内涵,不利于对社会的普法教育。第六,指出了人民陪审员管理方式的弊端及其他问题。在第四部分,针对人民陪审制难以在我国司法实践中发挥实际作用的问题,笔者提出了对人民陪审制进行改革重构的建议。首先,在陪审制模式的选择上,笔者认为受困于我国当前的司法体制以及参审制固有的缺陷——否认司法活动中涉及法律问题的专业特征,参审制在我国难以发挥实际作用。而陪审制的二元裁判结构有利于冲击当前的司法体制弊端,维护司法独立、实现司法公正、提升司法公信力。其次,鉴于我国与俄罗斯(前苏联)同属于大陆法国家,且在刑事诉讼制度特别是陪审制方面具有深厚渊源,笔者以俄罗斯的陪审制为蓝本,提出了我国陪审制重构的初步设想。结语部分,笔者指出对陪审制的改革而言,无论是完善还是重构都将是一项浩大而漫长的工程,短期内是无法实现的。但我们应当对陪审制进行持之以恒的研究和宣传,为陪审制将来的改革提供社会基础与理论基础。
[Abstract]:Since 1949 China's implementation of the people's jury system, the system has been practiced in China for sixty years, because of its symbolic significance in the actual operation is greater than the actual significance, the law circle and the practice circle started a fight against the people's jury system the abolition of the dispute. But support the people jury system to retain most of the articles or reform is to talk about the necessity of jury system from the value of the jury system, few people analyze whether the current judicial practice China need the presence of jury system. This dissertation aims to analyze the existence of China current criminal problems in the judicial practice, which proved the necessity of jury system in China. At the same time the necessity to demonstrate the reform through the analysis of people's jury system malpractice the, and puts forward some simple ideas for reform.
The article is divided into four parts:
In the first part, the author combines cases to analyze the problems existed in current criminal judicial practice from three aspects. Firstly, analyses the main reasons affecting judicial independence in our country, that is the power of intervention and public opinion "kidnapping". Secondly, according to the present situation of our country's justice problem is highly concerned by the masses and analysis of the impact of three important reasons of judicial justice in our country, namely the judicial corruption, "Crazy" public opinion and the lack of neutral sense of judge. Finally, in view of our country judicial credibility suffered serious doubts about the problem, analyze the main reasons of the damage the credibility of the judiciary, the judicial independence is not guaranteed, the public on judicial justice a lack of trust, justice and society did not establish effective communication mechanism.
In the second part, the author discusses the important role of the jury system can play in solving the above problems. Firstly, analysis of the jury system in the realization of judicial independence of the role, that the jury system can deal with the relationship between judicature and public opinion better, make justice from public opinion "kidnapping"; the jury system can cut off the place the power and judicial power, the judicial intervention from outside; administrative problems of the jury system can impact the trial, realizing the independence of judges and judicial independence. Secondly, analysis of the jury system in the realization of judicial justice to the role that in addition to help maintain the independence of the judiciary, and to prevent corruption in the judiciary, prosecution to curb the consciousness of judges. Finally, analysis of the jury system plays in improving the public credibility of the judiciary, that in addition to help maintain judicial independence, judicial justice, and help to make our Law and society blend and influence each other.
In the third part, the author analyzes the status and defects of China's jury system from six aspects, and points out that the Chinese people's jury system in the maintenance of judicial independence, ensure judicial justice is difficult to play a role in enhancing the credibility of the judiciary. Firstly, points out the status quo of China's jury system legal status is declining. Secondly, pointed out that the people's jury qualification setting and selection procedure is lack of democracy, it is difficult to embody the jury system of democracy, is also difficult to maintain judicial independence, judicial justice. Third, pointed out that the scope of the people's jury system is too arbitrary, leading to the jury system is difficult to be effective. Fourth, pointed out that in the design of the current people's jury system. The people's jury does not have a real sense of independence, the people's jury verdict on the case is difficult to play the actual effect, causes the people's jury system referee lack of authority. In fifth, the The people's juror occupation phenomenon prominent, is not conducive to people's assessors to supervise occupation judges, increase the possibility of people's juror corruption, it is difficult to reflect the jury's connotation of democracy, is not conducive to social education. Sixth, pointed out the shortcomings of the people's jury management and other problems.
In the fourth part, according to the people's jury system is difficult to play a practical role in the judicial practice of our country, the author puts forward the reform and reconstruction of the people's jury system. First of all, in the jury system mode selection, the author thinks that trapped in our current judicial system and the trial system of inherent defects, deny the professional characteristics of the legal issues involved in the judicial activities, the assessor system in our country is difficult to play a practical role. While the two yuan structure of the jury system is conducive to the impact of the current judicial system, judicial independence, judicial justice, improving judicial credibility. Secondly, in view of China and Russia (former Soviet Union) belong to the mainland law of the country, and in the criminal prosecution system especially the jury system has a deep origin, according to the Russian jury system is modeled, put forward the preliminary idea of jury system is reconstructed in our country.
In the conclusion part, the author points out that the jury system reform, whether it is perfect or reconstruction will be a huge and long project, the short term can not be achieved. But we should persevere in research and advocacy of the jury system, to provide social and theoretical basis for the reform of the jury system in the future.

【学位授予单位】：西南政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D926.2

【参考文献】