监狱罪犯私权利保障问题研究

发布时间：2018-04-16 02:30

本文选题：监狱罪犯 + 私权利　；参考：《安徽大学》2011年硕士论文

【摘要】：我国在十一届三中全会以来就反复提出依法治国,建设社会主义法治国家。法治国家的一个特点就是完善的司法体制和程序。罪犯权利保障作为法制建设的一个重要内容,一直是我国努力的方向。我国《监狱法》实施后,监狱管理进一步走向正规,也更好地保护了罪犯的权益。但实际操作中仍然存在很多问题,罪犯的人身权利尤其是私权利仍然受到侵犯。可见我国这方面的制度仍有很多漏洞,监狱管理需进一步完善。我国2004年的宪法修正案更是明确将“我国尊重和保障人权”写进宪法,使我国罪犯权利保障有了更加坚实的法律依据。监狱作为国家刑罚执行机关,其根本任务是惩罚和改造罪犯。从监狱的法律属性来看,在侦查、起诉、审判、执行四个刑事诉讼环节中,监狱承担着最后一个也是最重要的一环,监狱执行的效能直接决定着整个刑事诉讼的效能。在实际操作当中,罪犯权利保障还存在意识淡薄和制度不全的问题,还有一些需要改善的地方,如有些监狱罪犯生活较差,没有达到规定的标准,个别监狱干警违法乱纪,打骂罪犯,甚至致死、致残,有的监狱干警以维护监管秩序为借口,为罪犯行使合法权利设置重重障碍等。本文研究的是我国监狱罪犯私权利保障问题。引言从国内和国际两方面阐述了罪犯私权利保障的背景和历史发展,提出我国监狱罪犯私权利保障问题。正文部分首先阐述了我国监狱罪犯私权利的基本类型,如身体权、健康权、所有权、知识产权等,然后提出了保障监狱罪犯私权利的法律依据、理论依据,并从保障监狱罪犯私权利的道德价值、权利价值、法治建设价值、人类文明价值几个方面分析了我国监狱罪犯私权利保障的必要性,从理论上论证了保障监狱罪犯私权利的合理性、正当性。除了对我国监狱罪犯私权利保障作理论上的探讨外,本文亦从我国监狱罪犯私权利保障的现状进行了详尽分析。首先,本文肯定了我国监狱罪犯私权利保障上取得的成就。我国在法治建设和人权保障上在不断发展。其次,通过对监狱罪犯私权利保障出现的缺陷及其原因进行分析,以期从监狱制度建设、司法队伍建设和实际运作等方面更好地对罪犯私权利进行保障。然后,本文从私力救济、公力救济、自力救济几方面提出了对监狱罪犯私权利保障的程序,并从监狱罪犯的人身权、财产权两方面内容具体论述了对罪犯的救济。最后,本文提出了完善我国监狱罪犯私权利保障的几点建议,分别是完善监狱法及相关法律制度,加强监狱执法、司法审查程序的监督力度,以及为监狱执法提供更完善的保障。在古代,罪犯基本上没有权利。人类文明逐渐发展,罪犯权利才开始被人们关注。近代以来,随着国际人权的发展,中国的人权问题也受到国际和国内的多方面关注。人权的发展带动了对监狱罪犯人权的更加重视。我国才开始通过立法、执法、司法等多种手段来更好地保护监狱罪犯人权。《监狱法》从1994年颁实施已经有17年。随着社会的发展和犯罪现象的复杂性的增加,《监狱法》已经有一些方面不能适应当前的变化,导致法律的的执行出现困扰和不便。这种情况下,却没有《监狱法》的相关法律解释对其进行补充和完善,以致出现法律漏洞。并且《监狱法》在一些术语的表达上缺乏严密、规范的操作标准,致使在司法和执行实践中出现了相互推诿的现象。只有尽快完善相关法律和相关制度,保障罪犯私权利,健全社会主义法制,才能更好地保障人权,树立我国在国际上的形象。
[Abstract]:Since the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee of the Eleventh Central Committee , China has repeatedly raised the rule of law and established the socialist country of law . One of the characteristics of the state of the rule of law is to perfect the judicial system and procedure . The security of the prisoner ' s rights is an important part of the construction of the legal system , which has always been the direction of our country ' s efforts .

As a national penal enforcement organ , prison is the fundamental task of punishing and reforming criminals . From the legal attribute of the prison , the prison has the last and most important loop in the investigation , prosecution , trial and execution , and the performance of the prison execution directly determines the effectiveness of the whole criminal procedure . In practice , the prisoners ' rights guarantee also has the problems of low consciousness and incomplete system , and there are some areas to be improved .

This paper discusses the background and historical development of the private rights of prisoners in our country , and puts forward the basic types of the private rights of prisoners in our country , such as the right to physical , the right to health , the value of the construction of the rule of law and the value of human civilization .

In addition to the theoretical discussion on the protection of the private rights of the prison criminals in our country , this article analyses the present situation of the private rights of the prison criminals in our country . First , this article analyzes the defects and causes of the prison criminal ' s private rights . In the end , this paper puts forward some suggestions to perfect the prison system construction , the construction of the judicial team and the actual operation . Finally , the author puts forward some suggestions to perfect the prison system construction , the judicial team construction and the actual operation . Finally , the author puts forward some suggestions to perfect the prison system and the relevant legal system , strengthen the supervision of the prison law enforcement and judicial review procedure , and provide more perfect guarantee for the prison law enforcement .

In ancient times , criminals basically have no right . Human civilization has gradually developed , and the rights of criminals are beginning to be paid attention . Since modern times , with the development of international human rights , China ' s human rights problem has been paid more attention to the human rights of prisoners in prison . Our country has begun to better protect the human rights of prison criminals through various means such as legislation , law enforcement and justice .

With the increase of the social development and the complexity of the crime phenomenon , the prison wardens law has been unable to adapt to the current change , which leads to the confusion and inconvenience of the execution of the law .

【学位授予单位】：安徽大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D926.7

【参考文献】