“生存土壤、法律规定、司法实践”——我国人民陪审员制度解读

发布时间：2018-04-18 19:00

本文选题：陪审制度 + 人民陪审员　；参考：《曲阜师范大学》2011年硕士论文

【摘要】：陪审制度最早起源于古希腊雅典,梭伦创立的陪审法庭打破了贵族势力对司法的垄断,壮大了平民的力量。作为民主和自由化身的陪审制度开始了它的征程。从古希腊古罗马的陪审法庭,到英美法系的陪审团制度和大陆法系的参审制度,再到我国的人民陪审员制度,陪审制度经历了漫长的发展过程,这期间有曲折也有辉煌,有批判也有赞扬。各国陪审制度发展的不同命运,让我们开始对这个为世界司法体系作出卓越贡献的制度产生了忧虑。同样是民主的化身、自由的明灯,为什么它可以在一些国家大放异彩,而在另一些国家发展地却不尽人意?是不是采用“拿来主义”,直接把发展成熟的拿来用,问题就能解决?如果可以,怎么拿；如果不可以,怎么办?是放弃,还是坚持?这一系列的问题一直困扰着我们。我国的人民陪审员制度类似于大陆法系的参审制度,虽然经历了几十年的发展,但是仍处于不成熟的阶段,存在于困境之中。近几年来,随着我国司法体制改革进程的加快,人民陪审员制度又一次聚焦了人们的目光。可以说,我国现行的人民陪审员制度无论是在立法层面,还是在实践层面,都存在不足。虽然2005年5月1日开始实施的《关于完善人民陪审员制度的决定》(以下简称决定)为我国的陪审制度解了燃眉之急,一定程度上取得了成功。但是也未能从根源上解决人民陪审员制度存在的问题,该制度仍然饱受诟病。难道陪审制度注定是“舶来品”,难以在我国大放异彩?还是只要选对了路径,我们同样可以找到“中国特色的人民陪审员制度”让这个代表民主、自由、公正的制度在我国熠熠生辉?我们尝试对陪审制度生存土壤、现有法律规定和人民陪审员制度的实际运行状况进行深入细致的剖析,来寻找问题的答案。本文以对人民陪审员制度的研究为核心,对比世界其它国家陪审制度的生存环境和发展情况,结合我国现行陪审制度的法律规定以及其在基层人民法院的实际运行情况,对人民陪审员制度进行全面细致的研究,争取为我国陪审制度的改革和完善贡献自己的一份力量。全文共分三大部分。第一部分是各国陪审制度概述。主要从各国陪审制度的发展过程、生存土壤、现状、制度评价等几个方面对比研究我国与其它一些国家的陪审制度,尝试总结我国陪审制度与其它国家陪审制度在生存环境上的异同。第二部分,我们结合相关法律规定对人民陪审员制度在基层人民法院的运行状况进行细致分析。主要根据历时3个月获得的201份调查问卷以及在调研过程中收集的文献资料等,从直观上对人民陪审员的选任、参审情况、在审判中的表现及影响、人民陪审员的权利、义务和责任、陪审制度实际运行中的“陪而不审”现象以及运行中的其它情况等多个方面进行深入细致的分析,还原我国陪审制度的立法和司法现状,为下一步得出结论提供有力的支持。第三部分是我国人民陪审员制度的出路。结合前两部分的论述和分析找到问题的答案—我国究竟有没有适合陪审制度“生存的土壤”?如果有,我们需要一个怎样的陪审制度?并提出一些改革和完善的方案。
[Abstract]:The jury system originated from ancient Greece and Athens, founded by Solon, the jury court broke the monopoly of the judicial power of the aristocracy, and civilian power. As the embodiment of democracy and freedom of the jury system began its journey. The court of ancient Rome from ancient Greece to the jury, the jury system of Anglo American law system and continental law system. The assessor system, and then to the Chinese people's assessor system, jury system has experienced a long process of development, there is a tortuous and brilliant, critical and commended. The different fate of the jury system in different countries, let us begin to worry about this has made outstanding contributions to the judicial system of the world system. Is the embodiment of democracy, a beacon of freedom, why it can shine in some countries, while in other countries the development is unsatisfactory? Is not the "doctrine", directly to the development of mature The used, the problem can be solved? If you can, how to get; if not, how to do? Is to give up, or stick? This a series of problems have been plaguing us.
The people's jury system in China is similar to the continental law system of the assessor system, although it has experienced decades of development, but is still in the immature stage, there is the dilemma. In recent years, with the process of the reform of the judicial system of our country is accelerated, the people's jury system once again the focus of people's attention can be said that the current Chinese people's assessor system both at the legislative level, or at the practice level, there are insufficient. Although the decision > began to carry out May 1, 2005 "on improving the people's jury system (hereinafter referred to as the decision) for the solution as pressing danger the jury system in our country, a certain degree of success. But also failed to solve the problems in the juror system from the source, the system is still criticized. Is the jury system is bound to be" exotic ", it is difficult to shine in our country? Or just to choose the right way Size, we can also find the "people's jury system Chinese characteristics make the representative democracy, freedom, justice system in our country shine? We try on the jury system survival soil, analyses the actual operation situation of the existing legal provisions and the people's jury system, to find the answer to the question.
Based on the research on the people's jury system as the core, compared with other countries in the world of the jury system of living environment and development situation, combined with China's current legal provisions of the jury system and the actual operation of the basic people's court, detailed study on the people's jury system, to reform the jury system of our country the perfect and contribute.
The thesis is divided into three parts. The first part is an overview of the jury system. Mainly from the development process, the jury system of the survival of the soil, the status quo, the comparison between China and other countries of the jury system to study several aspects of system evaluation, try to summarize the similarities and differences of the jury system in our country and its National Jury System in the living environment of the second. Part, we combine the legal analysis of the jury system in the running state of the basic people's courts. According to the 201 questionnaires and took 3 months to get collected in the research process of the literature, the selection of people's assessors from intuitive, assessor, performance and impact on in the trial, the jury of the rights, obligations and responsibilities, many aspects of the jury system in the actual operation with other conditions without trial "phenomenon in the operation and etc. Intensive analysis, reduction of legislative and judicial status of our jury system, providing strong support for the next step. The third part is the conclusion of our people's jury system way. Combined with the first two parts of the discussion and analysis to find the answer to the question whether there is suitable for China's jury system "the survival of the soil"? If there is, how a jury system we need? And put forward some reform and improvement programs.

【学位授予单位】：曲阜师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D926.2

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