论取消审判委员会制度

发布时间：2018-05-17 12:37

本文选题：审判委员会制度 + 存废观点　；参考：《河北师范大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：审判委员会制度作为一项具有中国特色的审判制度,是在特定的历史条件和司法背景下产生的。从产生至今,在不同时期的司法领域里始终发挥着重要作用。在我国法治现代化的进程中,特别是在总结审判经验、指导审判工作、讨论解决重大疑难案件、保证审判质量与加强审判监督等方面发挥了不可替代的作用。但是,随着经济社会的发展、司法改革的深入以及公民的民主法治意识的不断增强,审判委员会制度作为一种工作机制违背了审判规律,与现代的司法公正、司法独立、司法公开等原则严重背离。审判委员会的职能性质和运行机制暴露出诸多弊端,包括审判委员会的组成人员结构不合理、审判委员会制度制约着司法效率、审判委员会讨论案件的范围太过模糊、过于宽泛,造成案件质量不高、司法不公甚至司法腐败等种种弊端。审判委员会制度所存在的一系列弊端引起了理论界和实务界的广泛关注,各专家学者和实务界人士都纷纷重新审视审判委员会的性质、组成及其功能,对审判委员会的职能进行了深入的研究,对审判委员会制度的存废进行探讨。其中要求取消审判委员会制度的呼声愈加强烈,笔者认为我们要理性看待审判委员会制度,通过对审判委员会制度的系统分析,尤其是对该制度的利弊进行比较分析,一方面,要认识到审判委员会制度存在的问题,需要我们进行完善和改革;另一方面,审判委员会制度是符合我国国情的,其存在有着相当的合理性和必然性,不能激进地予以取消。但是以长远的眼光来看,取消审判委员会制度是大势所趋。本文通过说明当今学界研究现状,论证分析在审判委员会制度存废上存在的主要观点,包括“改革论”与“取消论”,通过评析这些观点得出自己的观点,主要分成三个部分对取消审判委员会制度进行了分析论证。第一部分介绍了审判委员会制度的历史沿革,分为了三个阶段包括初期阶段、形成阶段与发展完善阶段。分析当前审判委员会制度的地位与功能,指出在司法实践中存在的弊端,我国的审判委员会制度违背了司法独立、司法公正与司法公开原则。第二部分梳理了我国当前学术界对审判委员会制度的存废之争,通过对审判委员会制度的利弊进行辩证分析,思考审判委员会制度的去留问题。讨论当前“改革论”与“取消论”的基本观点并进行评析,跟已有的取消论的观点区别开来,通过对这两种观点进行论述并做出小结。第三部分提出本文观点,即取消审判委员会制度,并从现实条件和制度保障两个方面进行了论证,在此基础上,提出了取消审判委员会制度之后的相关制度构建。比如落实专业法官会议制度,实现法官职业化,建立重大、复杂、疑难案件审理制度,建立审判专业委员会制度与建立具有中国特色的判例制度。本文认为,随着我国市场经济体制的建立和完善,法治化进程的加快与现代司法理念的增强,审判委员会制度的弊端越来越明显。笔者结合司法实践、依据司法改革措施,指出审判委员会制度在司法实践中存在着效率低下、办案质量不高、执法不公甚至司法腐败等种种弊端。审判委员会制度这种违背审判规律及相关法律规定的工作机制,与现代的审判独立、审判公开、审判公正、审判亲历和审判效率等原则严重背离,同当前我国推进司法改革格格不入,笔者认为应该取消审判委员会制度。
[Abstract]:The trial committee system, as a trial system with Chinese characteristics, is produced under the specific historical conditions and judicial background. Since its emergence, it has played an important role in the judicial field of different periods. In the process of modernization of the rule of law in China, the trial experience is summarized, the trial work is guided and the solution is discussed and solved. Serious and difficult cases have played an irreplaceable role in ensuring the quality of the trial and strengthening the supervision of the trial. However, with the development of the economy, the deepening of the judicial reform and the increasing awareness of the democratic rule of law of the citizens, the system of the trial committee, as a working machine, is contrary to the law of trial, and the judicial justice of the modern judiciary. The principle of law independence and judicial openness deviate seriously. The functional nature and operating mechanism of the trial committee expose many drawbacks, including the irrational structure of the members of the trial committee, the judicial committee system restricting the judicial efficiency, and the jurisdiction of the trial committee to discuss the scope of the case too vague and too broad, resulting in the poor quality of the cases and judiciary. A series of malpractices, such as unfair and even judicial corruption, has aroused widespread concern in the theoretical and practical circles. Experts and scholars and practitioners have reexamined the nature, composition and function of the trial committee, and have carried out a thorough study of the functions of the Committee and the judges. The call for the abolition of the system is discussed. The call for the abolition of the system of the trial committee is becoming more intense. The author thinks that we should treat the system of the trial committee rationally and analyze the system of the trial committee systematically, especially on the advantages and disadvantages of the system. On the one hand, we should recognize the existence of the system of the trial committee. On the other hand, the trial committee system is in conformity with the national conditions of our country. On the other hand, the existence of the trial committee is reasonable and inevitable and can not be abolished radically. But in the long run, the abolition of the system of the trial committee is a trend. The main points of view of the existence and abolition of the system of the trial committee, including "the theory of reform" and "the theory of cancellation", have been divided into three parts to analyze the system of the abolition of the trial committee. The first part introduces the historical evolution of the trial committee system, which is divided into three stages. It includes the initial stage, the formation stage and the perfect stage of development. It analyzes the status and function of the current judicial committee system, and points out the drawbacks in the judicial practice. The trial committee system in our country violates the judicial independence, the judicial justice and the principle of judicial openness. The second part combs the current academic circles of our country to the judicial committee system. Through the dialectical analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of the system of the trial committee, the debate on the existence and abolition of the judicial committee system is discussed. The basic views of the current "theory of reform" and "cancellations" are discussed and evaluated, and the differences are distinguished from the existing viewpoints of the abolition theory, and the two viewpoints are discussed and made a summary. Third parts are made. The point of view is put forward, that is, to abolish the system of the trial committee, and to demonstrate the two aspects of the actual conditions and system guarantees. On the basis of this, the relevant system of the abolition of the trial committee system is put forward, such as the implementation of the system of professional judges meeting, the realization of the professionalization of judges, and the establishment of a major, complex and difficult case trial system. The establishment of the trial Specialized Committee system and the establishment of a case system with Chinese characteristics. This article holds that, with the establishment and improvement of the market economic system in China, the acceleration of the process of the rule of law and the enhancement of modern judicial ideas, the drawbacks of the judicial committee system are becoming more and more obvious. In the judicial practice, the commission system has many disadvantages, such as low efficiency, poor quality of handling cases, unfair law enforcement and even judicial corruption. The judicial committee system, which violates the law of trial and the relevant laws and regulations, is independent of the modern trial, the trial is open, the trial is fair, the trial experience and the efficiency of the trial are serious. Deviating from the current judicial reform in China is out of tune, I believe that the judicial committee system should be abolished.
【学位授予单位】：河北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D926.2

【参考文献】