美国司法审查制度研究

发布时间：2018-05-17 20:22

本文选题：美国 + 司法审查　；参考：《辽宁大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：大法官约翰·马歇尔在两个多世纪前，通过“马伯里诉麦迪逊”一案为美国联邦最高法院赢得了裁定普通立法合宪性的权力，从而翻开了美国宪政史上对政治权力实行规范化约束的历史性一页。而今，美国司法审查制度已经发展成为世界上最具影响力的宪法监督制度之一，本文以其为主要研究对象，从历史分析的角度，追寻司法审查制度的起源与演变，探讨司法审查制度的本质与内涵，分析司法审查制度的运作模式与特点；同时立足于美国三权分立的宏观政权结构背景下，从功能分析的角度，对司法审查制度的价值与缺陷作出评判，并力图以此提炼出美国司法审查制度的发展经验，，从而对我国的宪法监督机制构建提供一定的启示和借鉴。全文共分三章。第一章着眼于探讨美国司法审查制度形成的思想渊源与历史演进，进而揭示出司法审查制度的源与流、根与脉、内涵与本质。第二章主要考察了美国司法审查制度的内容与特点。在这一部分里，以美国联邦法院的体系结构和管辖权限入手，介绍了司法审查制度的审查主体和对象，进而对联邦最高法院启动和审理违宪案件的全部过程进行了梳理，并分析了违宪裁决的效力与执行。第三章则从正反两方面对美国司法审查制度进行了评价，对司法审查制度的功能与缺陷予以了阐发，认为宪政体制下的美国司法审查制度一方面具有着宪法保障、权力制衡和人权救济的功能，但同时其在制度设计和功能发挥上也存在着一些缺陷和局限性。最后通过总结美国司法审查制度的价值与启示，结合我国的具体国情，就如何推进我国宪法监督机制的构建与完善提出了建言。本文运用文献研究法、比较分析法等方法，通过对美国司法审查制度的内容进行阐述分析，力图发掘出美国司法审查制度的本质和价值，为构建更为成熟的宪法监督机制提供启示。
[Abstract]:More than two centuries ago, Justice John Marshall won the United States Supreme Court the power to rule on the constitutionality of ordinary legislation through Marbury v. Madison. It opens a historic page in the history of American constitutionalism to regulate political power. Now, the judicial review system in the United States has developed into one of the most influential constitutional supervision systems in the world. This paper, taking it as the main research object, seeks the origin and evolution of the judicial review system from the perspective of historical analysis. This paper probes into the essence and connotation of the judicial review system, analyzes the operating mode and characteristics of the judicial review system, and at the same time, based on the background of the macro-regime structure of the separation of powers in the United States, from the angle of functional analysis, This paper judges the value and defect of the judicial review system, and tries to extract the development experience of the judicial review system in the United States in order to provide some enlightenment and reference for the construction of the constitutional supervision mechanism in our country. The full text is divided into three chapters. The first chapter focuses on the ideological origin and historical evolution of the formation of American judicial review system, and then reveals the source and flow, root and pulse, connotation and essence of judicial review system. The second chapter mainly examines the content and characteristics of American judicial review system. In this part, starting with the system structure and jurisdiction of the United States Federal Court, the subject and object of judicial review system are introduced, and the whole process of starting and hearing unconstitutional cases by the Federal Supreme Court is sorted out. It also analyzes the validity and enforcement of the unconstitutional ruling. The third chapter evaluates the American judicial review system from the positive and negative aspects, analyzes the function and defect of the judicial review system, and holds that the American judicial review system under the constitutional system has the constitutional guarantee on the one hand. The functions of power balance and human rights remedy also have some defects and limitations in system design and function exertion at the same time. Finally, by summing up the value and enlightenment of the judicial review system in the United States and combining the specific conditions of our country, this paper puts forward some suggestions on how to promote the construction and improvement of the constitutional supervision mechanism in our country. By using the methods of literature research and comparative analysis, this paper tries to find out the essence and value of the judicial review system in the United States by analyzing the content of the judicial review system in the United States. To build a more mature constitutional supervision mechanism to provide inspiration.
【学位授予单位】：辽宁大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D971.2;DD916

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