压力下的独立—民意与司法的冲突与协调

发布时间：2018-05-25 14:06

本文选题：民意 + 司法　；参考：《华东政法大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：民意是社会公众对外界事物主观反映的心理活动，司法则是在一定社会环境中的法律实践，必然要面对社会公众的各种评价，受到民意的影响。所以民意是司法不可回避的话题，民意与司法的关系也成为法学研究的重要对象,具有十分重要的学术价值和实践意义。特别是在民意与司法关系紧张的当下，如何看待民意与司法关系?如何认识民意与司法的冲突?如何分析民意与司法冲突的成因?以及如何在民意与司法之间寻找一条协调的路径?这些都成为当下迫切需要解决的问题。围绕以上核心问题，本文主要分以下几个部分进行论述: 导论部分主要概述了本文的研究意义、研究综述和研究方法。通过对国内外相关研究的比较、分析，为后文的论述打下基础。第一章主要论述民意与司法的基本关系。通过对民意的词源考察及从广义与狭义两个角度界定民意的概念，阐述民意的形成和表达，并针对网络时代的背景分析了民意的特征，最后从正反两方面论述民意对司法的影响。第二章主要从历史和域外的角度对民意与司法进行对比考察。中国古代的统治者，非常重视民意，为此也设立许多畅通民意表达和民意听取的制度。在域外的美国、德国等其他国家，也非常注重民意与司法关系的处理。笔者希望通过对中外民意与司法关系的考察，对协调中国当下民意与司法关系起着借鉴作用。第三章主要阐述了民意与司法冲突的表现、原因及危害。民意与司法主要在合法性与合理性、法律事实与民意事实、实体公正与程序公正等方面存在着冲突，究其原因既有司法方面的，如司法独立不够，司法腐败严重等，也有民意方面的，如民意的情绪化和非理性等。民意与司法的冲突对司法造成了一定的危害，如降低司法的公信力、损害司法的权威性、不利于司法的稳定性等。第四章则是探讨如何实现民意与司法的协调。首先应明确司法对民意的立场，司法要理性分析而不是盲目认同，司法既要保持独立又要顺应民意，，司法既要维持稳定又要顺应时变。其次，民意与司法关系的协调需要双方共同努力。一方面，司法既要保持独立又要加大公开的力度，加强与民意的沟通，认真、及时、有效的做好民意的筛选、回应和吸取工作；另一方面，民意的表达应理性化，民众不应滥用言论自由，要提升自身的道德感和责任感，加强法律知识的学习，提高自身的法律意识。
[Abstract]:Public opinion is the psychological activity that the public reflects subjectively to the outside world, and the judicature is the legal practice in a certain social environment, and it must face all kinds of evaluation of the public and be influenced by the public opinion. Therefore, public opinion is an unavoidable topic in judicature, and the relationship between public opinion and judicature has become an important object of legal research, which has very important academic value and practical significance. Especially in the current tense relationship between public opinion and justice, how to treat the relationship between public opinion and justice? How to understand the conflict between public opinion and justice? How to analyze the causes of the conflict between public opinion and judicature? And how to find a coordinated path between public opinion and justice? These are the urgent problems that need to be solved right now. Around the above core issues, this paper is mainly divided into the following parts to discuss: The introduction part mainly summarizes the research significance, the research summary and the research method. Through the domestic and foreign correlation research comparison, the analysis, lays the foundation for the later article elaboration. The first chapter mainly discusses the basic relationship between public opinion and justice. By examining the etymological origin of public opinion and defining the concept of public opinion from two broad and narrow perspectives, this paper expounds the formation and expression of public opinion, and analyzes the characteristics of public opinion in view of the background of the network age. At last, it discusses the influence of public opinion on judicature from positive and negative aspects. The second chapter mainly from the historical and foreign perspective of public opinion and judicial comparative investigation. The rulers of ancient China attached great importance to public opinion and set up many systems to express and listen to public opinion. Outside the United States, Germany and other countries, also pay great attention to public opinion and judicial relations. The author hopes that through the investigation of the relationship between Chinese and foreign public opinion and judicature, it will play a reference role in coordinating the current public opinion and judicial relationship in China. The third chapter mainly elaborated the public opinion and the judicial conflict performance, the reason and the harm. There are conflicts between public opinion and judicature in the aspects of legality and rationality, legal fact and public opinion fact, substantive justice and procedural justice. The reasons are judicial independence, serious judicial corruption and so on. There are also aspects of public opinion, such as the emotional and irrational public opinion. The conflict between public opinion and judicature causes certain harm to the judicature, such as reducing the credibility of the judicature, harming the authority of the judicature, unfavorable to the stability of the judicature and so on. The fourth chapter is to explore how to achieve the coordination between public opinion and justice. First of all, we should make clear the position of the judiciary on the public opinion, the judicature should be rationally analyzed rather than blindly identified, the judicature should not only remain independent but also conform to the public opinion, and the judiciary should not only maintain the stability but also adapt to the time-varying. Secondly, the coordination of public opinion and judicial relations needs the joint efforts of both sides. On the one hand, the judiciary should maintain its independence and increase its openness, strengthen communication with public opinion, conscientiously, promptly, and effectively screen, respond to, and absorb public opinion; on the other hand, the expression of public opinion should be rational. People should not abuse the freedom of speech, enhance their moral sense and sense of responsibility, strengthen the study of legal knowledge and raise their own legal consciousness.
【学位授予单位】：华东政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D926

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