我国检察机关提起民事公益诉讼制度研究

发布时间：2018-06-15 05:27

本文选题：检察机关 + 民事公益诉讼　；参考：《南京师范大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：1980年代以降,我国经济发展进入快车道,伴随着改革开放逐步深入,一系列社会问题日益凸显,其中社会公共利益被侵害的现象时有发生。为维护社会公共利益,公益诉讼制度渐次被介绍和引入,与此相伴随,对公益诉讼主体资格之研讨可谓热烈,而检察机关作为国家和社会公共利益的捍卫者,其主体资格亦是理论界与实务界热议的焦点。2012年新民事诉讼法基本确立了公益诉讼的地位,2015年7月全国人大常委会的试点决定和最高检试点方案的相继出台更使得检察机关提起民事公益诉讼具备了现实可能性。但毋庸讳言的是,相关法律及文件仍过于原则,缺乏实践指导性,故应加强对此的深入研究。本文以对我国过往案例和理论界争论的梳理和分析为切入点,以我国检察机关提起民事公益诉讼的试点实践分析为重要内容,发现试点中可能存在的问题,希冀通过对争议问题的逐一厘清,明确结论,为相关立法与司法实务提供理论支撑。本文共五章,以民诉法修改为时间轴线,第一章为检察机关与民事公益诉讼,对相关概念的基础理论进行归纳总结;第二章是民诉法修改前检察机关对公益诉讼的探索。该章首先是对公益诉讼最高检法机关的态度进行梳理分析,其次是整理地方检法机关的探索经验,归纳为相应的典型模式并发现相关问题;第三章是民诉法修改中学界对这一制度的研讨,汇总分析并提出自己的观点;第四章是新民诉法的实施与人大常委会授权规定出台后的试点实践即检察机关对民事公益诉讼的再探索。本章通过对试点后案例的收集与分类整理及对试点情况的分析,发现目前试点存在的相关问题;第五章为我国检察机关提起民事公益诉讼的具体制度构想。从检察机关的法律地位、基本原则与受案范围、具体的程序建构以及立法建议四方面入手,希冀构建出符合中国国情且具有现实可行性的检察机关提起民事公益诉讼制度。
[Abstract]:In 1980s, with the rapid development of China's economy, with the deepening of reform and opening up, a series of social problems have become increasingly prominent, among which the phenomenon of social public interests being violated has occurred from time to time. In order to safeguard the public interest, the public interest litigation system is introduced and introduced gradually. With this, the discussion on the qualification of the public interest litigation subject can be said to be enthusiastic, and the procuratorial organ as the national and social public interest defender, The subject qualification is also the focus of the theoretical and practical circles. In 2012, the new civil procedure law basically established the status of public interest litigation. In July 2015, the trial decision of the standing Committee of the National people's Congress and the pilot program of Supreme Procuratorate issued one after another. It is possible for procuratorial organs to initiate civil public interest litigation. But there is no denying that the relevant laws and documents are still too principle and lack of practical guidance, so we should strengthen the in-depth study of this. In this paper, by combing and analyzing the past cases and theoretical debates in China, and taking the pilot practice of procuratorial organs to initiate civil public interest litigation as an important content, we find out the possible problems in the pilot projects. It hopes to provide theoretical support for relevant legislation and judicial practice by clarifying and clarifying the controversial issues one by one. The first chapter is about procuratorial organs and civil public interest litigation, and summarizes the basic theories of related concepts; the second chapter is the exploration of public interest litigation by procuratorial organs before the revision of civil litigation law. This chapter firstly combs and analyzes the attitude of the supreme procuratorial organs in public interest litigation, and secondly collates the exploration experience of the local procuratorial agencies, sums up the corresponding typical models and finds the related problems. The third chapter is the academic circles' research on this system in the revision of the law of civil action, collecting and analyzing and putting forward their own views; The fourth chapter is the implementation of the new civil litigation law and the experimental practice of the NPC standing Committee after the promulgation of the provisions, that is, the procuratorial organs to the civil public interest litigation re-exploration. This chapter through the collection and classification of cases after the pilot and the analysis of the pilot situation, found the existing problems in the pilot; the fifth chapter for the procuratorial organs of our country to initiate civil public interest litigation specific system ideas. Starting with the legal status of the procuratorial organ, the basic principle and the scope of receiving the case, the concrete procedure construction and the legislative suggestion, the author hopes to construct a civil public interest litigation system which conforms to the national conditions of China and has practical feasibility.
【学位授予单位】：南京师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D925.1;D926.3

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