当代中国人民陪审员选任制度研究

发布时间：2018-06-15 05:34

本文选题：人民陪审员 + 选任制度　；参考：《吉林大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：人民陪审制度是我国的一项重要诉讼制度，是人民法院在审判案件过程中，由人民陪审员参加，组成合议庭进行案件审判的制度。该制度的确立和完善，有利于人民群众监督司法活动，抑制司法腐败，并可以增强人民法院的公信力。在我国，人民陪审员的选任有着独特的条件和程序。本文除引言和结语之外，共分为四部分。第一部分，回顾当代中国人民陪审制度的历史发展。分别追溯新中国人民陪审制度的确立、文化大革命期间人民陪审制度的衰落、文化大革命后一段时期人民陪审制度的曲折恢复以及八十年代初期至九十年代末期人民陪审员制度的发展历程，，最后，介绍近年来人民陪审制度的新发展，2004年8月，第十届全国人民代表大会常务委员会第十一次会议审议通过了《关于完善人民陪审员制度的决定》，并于2005年5月1日起施行。这是我国历史上第一部关于人民陪审制度的单行法规，表明了国家对我国陪审制度改革和完善的重视，其对我国的审判制度产生了深远的影响。第二部分，概述当代中国人民陪审员选任制度架构。首先分析人民陪审制度在当代中国的意义，随后分别阐述我国人民陪审员的参选条件、选任程序、人民陪审员的权利、义务和工作职责，最后，比较分析人民陪审员与审判员的关系，指出虽然法律规定陪审员与职业法官的权力是同等的，但是在我国的审判实践中，人民陪审员与职业法官相比，具有自身的特点，总的来说，人民陪审员不是法官，而是协助法官审理案件的社会普通人。第三部分，以第二部分的介绍为基础，指出当代中国人民陪审员选任制度存在的问题：首先指出我国人民陪审及其陪审员选任的相关立法粗疏，现行法律法规关于人民陪审制度的规定较为笼统，很难指导当前的司法实践，仍需要对其进一步细化规定。人民陪审员选任资格条件相对简单化，例如选任的资格条件上没有注重对专业人才的吸收、精英化的选任条件有悖于陪审制度的民主价值。同时，由法院主导人民陪审员的选任导致影响陪审员的权力行使。此外，我国人民陪审员选任制度的另一问题在于人民陪审员的任期过长。第四部分是本文的重点，在这一部分论文尝试为第三部分提出的问题寻求解决的方式。主要包括以下几个方面的完善：加强人民陪审员选任制度的相关立法，通过重新确立人民陪审制度的宪法地位和制定专门的《人民陪审员法》从立法角度上确立陪审制度；合理确定人民陪审员的选任条件——规定公民担任人民陪审员的条件类比公民享有选举权的条件，在立法设计上注重对社会各领域专业人才的吸收；完善人民陪审员选任程序，采取由县（区)级人大常委会按照法律规定的条件以及程序进行，规定人民陪审员的选拔，法院与同级的司法行政部门不得干涉；明确职权，理顺陪审员与法官关系——对陪审员与法官的职权作出明确划分的同时规定陪审员与法官之间的相互监督关系、建立责任惩罚机制；因地制宜地落实“随机抽取”机制；适当限制人民陪审员的任期。最后的结语部分总结归纳全文。
[Abstract]:The people ' s jury system is an important litigation system in our country , which is the system of the people ' s court to participate in the trial case . The system is established and perfected to help the people to supervise the judicial activities , suppress the judicial corruption and enhance the credibility of the people ' s court . In our country , the election of the people ' s jury has unique conditions and procedures .

In addition to preface and conclusion , this paper is divided into four parts .

The first part reviews the historical development of the jury system of the Chinese people . It traces the establishment of the new Chinese people ' s jury system , the decline of the people ' s jury system during the period of the cultural revolution , the tortuous recovery of the people ' s jury system during the period after the cultural revolution , and the development course of the people ' s jury system during the period from the early 1980s to the late 1990s .

In the second part , the author summarizes the structure of the system of selecting the people ' s jury system in contemporary China . First , the significance of the people ' s jury system in contemporary China is analyzed , and the relation between the people ' s jury and the judge is discussed .

The third part , based on the introduction of the second part , points out the problems existing in the selection system of the Chinese people ' s jury . Firstly , it points out that the relevant legislation of the people ' s jury system and the selection of the people ' s jury system is quite general , it is difficult to guide the current judicial practice , and it is difficult to guide the current judicial practice .

The fourth part is the focus of this paper . In this part , the author tries to find a way to solve the problems put forward in the third part . It mainly includes the following aspects : strengthening the relevant legislation of the people ' s jury system , establishing the jury system by re - establishing the constitutional status of the people ' s jury system and developing the special law of the people ' s jury ;
It is reasonable to determine the optional conditions of the people ' s jury . The conditions for citizens to serve as the people ' s jury can be analogized to the conditions of citizens ' enjoyment of the right to vote . In the legislative design , we should pay attention to the absorption of professional talents in all fields of society ;
To improve the procedures for the selection of the people ' s juror , and adopt the conditions and procedures stipulated by the Standing Committee of the county ( district ) and the People ' s Congress in accordance with the conditions prescribed by the law and the procedures , and stipulate that the selection of the people ' s jury shall not interfere with the judicial administrative department of the same level ;
Clear the functions and powers , straighten out the relationship between the jury and the judge , make clear division of the functions and powers of the jury and the judge , and stipulate the mutual supervision relation between the jury and the judge , and establish the responsibility punishment mechanism ;
The mechanism of " random extraction " should be implemented in accordance with local conditions ;
The term of office of a people ' s jury shall be appropriately limited .

The concluding remarks are summarized in the concluding remarks .
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D926.2

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