刑事再审程序启动机制的不足及完善

发布时间：2018-06-15 13:57

本文选题：刑事再审启动程序 + 申请再审程序　；参考：《黑龙江大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：刑事再审启动程序是刑事再审程序的起点，起着过滤器和分流器的作用，对审判监督程序而言具有举足轻重的地位。然而，由于种种原因，我国在立法上对刑事再审启动程序的规定较少，在司法实践中呈现出许多不足之处，如申诉受理、审查制度不明确、具体；作为刑事再审程序启动主体的人民法院、人民检察院启动职责不清；刑事再审程序启动的理由过于笼统、不明确,缺乏可操作性，并且没有考虑再审启动理由与再审启动制度的相互影响和互动等等。上述不足直接导致刑事再审启动秩序特别混乱，“申诉难”、“滥申诉”、“无限申诉”的现象长期、大量存在，使司法成本大幅上升，严重影响司法机关的公信与权威。完善刑事再审启动程序首先要重新确立制定和执行刑事再审程序的指导思想，要力求实现法的公平性与法的安定性，，公正与效率等各种价值的平衡、统一。笔者认为完善刑事再审启动程序的内容应包括对当事人申诉的次数与期限进行限制；规定当事人与近亲属申诉的主次；确定律师在刑事申诉中法律地位及享有的权利；细化人民法院、人民检察院启动再审的权限及启动再审的理由；将当事人申诉细化为被告人申请再审和被害人申请抗诉，并且针对被告人申请再审和被害人申请抗诉分别设立申请再审、申请抗诉程序；加强人民法院、人民检察院对当事人申诉审查的程序化立法，对当事人申诉的受理方式、审查方式作出全面、明确规定；进一步对申请再审和申请抗诉的审查处理方式进行拓宽，努力实践有利于解决矛盾、有利于平衡法律价值冲突的调解、下达司法建议、刑事和解等处理方式。只有建立一个完善的刑事再审启动程序，才能充分发挥其过滤器和分流器功能，使那些与“杜培武、佘祥林、赵作海”一样的冤假错案在真凶出前就能启动再审程序；使那些想谋取与诉讼无关利益，甚至是非法利益的当事人无处申诉；使那些真正有冤屈的当事人能够得到及时有效的再审救济。本文对刑事再审程序启动机制的现状及不足进行了实证分析，并在此基础上就如何完善刑事再审程序启动机制提出了一些构想和建议，以期为构建符合我国国情的刑事再审制度提供一点参考。
[Abstract]:The criminal retrial initiation procedure is the starting point of the criminal retrial procedure, which acts as a filter and a shunt, and plays an important role in the trial supervision procedure. However, due to various reasons, our country in the legislation on the criminal retrial start procedure provisions are less, in the judicial practice has shown many deficiencies, such as complaint acceptance, review system is not clear, specific; As the people's court as the subject of the initiation of the criminal retrial procedure, the people's procuratorate has unclear responsibilities for starting the criminal retrial procedure; the reasons for the initiation of the criminal retrial procedure are too general, unclear, and lack of maneuverability. And it does not consider the mutual influence and interaction between retrial start reason and retrial start system. The above deficiencies directly lead to the disorder of the starting order of the criminal retrial, the phenomenon of "difficult appeal", "excessive appeal" and "unlimited appeal" for a long time, which makes the judicial cost rise by a large margin and seriously affects the public trust and authority of the judicial organ. To perfect the procedure of criminal retrial, we must first re-establish the guiding ideology of establishing and executing the procedure of criminal retrial, and strive to achieve the balance and unity of various values, such as fairness of law and stability of law, justice and efficiency, etc. The author thinks that the content of perfecting the criminal retrial initiation procedure should include limiting the number and time limit of the litigant's appeal, prescribing the principal and secondary of the litigant's and near relatives' complaint, determining the lawyer's legal status and the right to enjoy in the criminal appeal. To refine the authority of the people's court and the people's procuratorate to initiate the retrial and the reasons for the retrial; to refine the complaint of the party concerned into the defendant's application for retrial and the victim's application for protest, And for the defendant to apply for retrial and for the victim to apply for protest to set up an application for retrial, to apply for protest procedures; to strengthen the people's court, the people's procuratorate to the procedural legislation for the review of the party's appeal, the way to accept the party's complaint, The mode of examination is comprehensive and clearly stipulated; the examination and handling of the application for retrial and the application for protest are further broadened, and the efforts made in practice are conducive to resolving contradictions, to mediating the conflict of legal value, and to issuing judicial recommendations, Criminal reconciliation, etc. Only by establishing a perfect criminal retrial starting procedure, can the function of filter and shunt be brought into full play, so that those unjust and false cases like "du Peiwu, she Xianglin, Zhao Zuohai" can start the retrial procedure before the true culprits appear. So that those who want to seek interests unrelated to the proceedings, or even illegal interests of the parties nowhere to appeal, so that those who really have grievances can get timely and effective retrial relief. This paper makes an empirical analysis of the current situation and shortcomings of the initiation mechanism of the criminal retrial procedure, and puts forward some ideas and suggestions on how to perfect the starting mechanism of the criminal retrial procedure. In order to build a criminal retrial system in line with the national conditions of our country to provide a little reference.
【学位授予单位】：黑龙江大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D925.2;D926

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