论中国律师的法律援助义务

发布时间：2018-06-18 06:43

本文选题：律师 + 法律援助　；参考：《中国社会科学院研究生院》2011年硕士论文

【摘要】：在中国,法律援助是律师的法定义务,律师是最主要的法律援助服务实施主体。实践中,自法律援助制度建立之初至今,律师办理了大量的法律援助案件,但是令人担忧的是律师提供的法律援助服务质量往往差强人意。法律援助是一项扶助贫弱、保障社会弱势群体合法权益的社会公益事业,如果无法保证其服务的质量,不仅无法实现其保障“公民在法律面前人人平等”的原则,反而可能使被援助人在用尽最后的司法保障资源的同时,造成对被援助人权利的二次侵害。法律援助的质量是法律援助的生命,所以务必保证律师的法律援助质量。解决问题就要找出原因,纵观当前中国的法律制度及司法实践,不难发现,律师怠于法律援助服务根本原因在于律师没有履行法律援助服务的动力。动力缺失于法律援助本不应该简单地归结为律师的义务。根据中国法律以及其他国家和地区的经验,法律援助都是政府义不容辞的责任。我国1996年修订的《刑事诉讼法》第34条明确指出,律师有义务接受法院指定的刑事法律援助工作。2003年颁布的《法律援助条例》中全面规定了律师在刑事、民事、行政诉讼以及其他法律服务中的法律援助义务;同时其第三条明确指出了“法律援助是政府责任”,这是《法律援助条例》修订的一大亮点。可是,无论是从《法律援助条例》或在其之后颁布的法律法规,还是在司法实践中,政府责任总被一笔带过,而律师义务却被反复强调与重申。反复强调的现实效果却是不尽人意的,这正是对中国律师法律援助义务最现实的批判。并且,在理论上,从律师制度、法律援助制度、国际法以及法理角度看,法律援助都不应当成为律师的义务。只有在法律上解除单一性的律师的法律援助义务,国家承担起法律援助的责任,并担负起主导角色,更多的投入物资和人力资源,才能从根本上解决律师法律援助服务质量不高的现实问题。同时,律师、社会组织以及公民自身等社会不同角色和力量也应当更多的关注与支持法律援助。这样才能使法律援助走上新的发展阶段,并最终实现其追求的公平与正义。法律援助是国家责任,是全社会的公益事业,只有各方的积极投入,才能实现其目标,并焕发新的生命力。
[Abstract]:In China, legal aid is the legal obligation of lawyers, and lawyer is the main subject of legal aid service. In practice, since the establishment of the legal aid system, lawyers have handled a large number of legal aid cases, but it is worrying that the quality of legal aid services provided by lawyers is often unsatisfactory. Legal aid is a social public service that helps the poor and the weak and protects the legitimate rights and interests of the vulnerable groups of society. If the quality of their services cannot be guaranteed, it will not only fail to realize the principle of "equality of citizens before the law". On the contrary, it may cause the aided person to use up the last judicial guarantee resources, and at the same time cause the right of the aided person to be infringed twice. The quality of legal aid is the life of legal aid, so the quality of legal aid must be guaranteed. In order to solve the problem, we should find out the reasons. Looking at the current legal system and judicial practice in China, it is not difficult to find out that the fundamental reason for lawyers' lethargy in legal aid service lies in their failure to fulfill the power of legal aid service. Lack of motivation in legal aid should not simply be reduced to a lawyer's duty. According to Chinese law and the experience of other countries and regions, legal aid is the responsibility of the government. Article 34 of the Criminal procedure Law, revised in 1996, clearly states that lawyers have the obligation to accept the criminal legal aid work designated by the court. The regulations on legal Aid promulgated in 2003 comprehensively stipulate that lawyers are in criminal and civil affairs. The obligation of legal aid in administrative litigation and other legal services, and its article 3, which clearly states that "legal aid is the responsibility of the government", is a bright spot in the revision of the regulations on legal Aid. However, whether from the "legal Aid regulations" or after the promulgation of laws and regulations, or in judicial practice, the responsibility of the government is always passed, while the obligation of lawyers is repeatedly stressed and reiterated. The repeated emphasis on the practical effect is unsatisfactory, which is the most realistic critique of the legal aid obligation of Chinese lawyers. Moreover, in theory, legal aid should not become a lawyer's duty from the angle of lawyer system, legal aid system, international law and legal theory. Only when the legal aid obligation of a single lawyer is legally lifted, the State assumes the responsibility of legal aid, and takes on a leading role in investing more material and human resources. In order to fundamentally solve the problem of lawyers legal aid service quality is not high. At the same time, lawyers, social organizations and citizens themselves should pay more attention to and support legal aid. Only in this way can legal aid enter a new stage of development and finally realize its pursuit of fairness and justice. Legal aid is the responsibility of the state and the public welfare of the whole society.
【学位授予单位】：中国社会科学院研究生院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D926.5

【引证文献】