司法与涉案民意的冲突与消解

发布时间：2018-06-27 22:53

本文选题：民意 + 司法　；参考：《南京大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：现实生活中,民意与司法一展现为一副相互冲突的图景。民众内部——普通民众、精英分子、新闻媒体之间对案件的观点和看法常常会相互矛盾,但是民众作为一个整体与司法机关和司法人员之间对案件的观点和看法的对立更为严重。而民众观点的表达,呈现出范围广和形式多的特点：从民事案件到行政案件再到刑事案件,从传统的媒体到新兴的媒体,到处都能看到人民对法院审理案件所提出的各种想法、各种质疑和批判。不仅是在一般的新闻报道中,在法学理论研究中,“民意与司法的关系”也一直是研究的重点和热点,很多学者都在争论民意是否干预司法、司法是否应当吸纳民意,但是很多人都忽略了,司法中的“民意”与法学理论中一般意义上的民意是有区别的,是一种带有自身特点的涉案民意,因此应当首先对民意和涉案民意进行区别和界定,并厘清涉案民意有何种表现形式。经过分析,涉案民意的特征在于非普遍性、非理性、易变性、片面性和破碎化的特征,涉案民意往往是在一种易被打乱、缺乏规范性和秩序性的环境下形成的,并且,涉案民意通常表现为民愤、精英意识和网络民意三种形式。涉案民意与司法的“纠缠”往往表现为涉案民意对司法结果的不认同,造成这种不认同的原因是多方面的,首先是司法制度本身存在的问题和弊病,这其中包括法院管理行政化导致司法不公、法官缺乏责任感导致司法不公、司法腐败导致司法丧失公信力、党政机构的不正当干预导致司法不公；其次,涉案民意本身也具有不合理性,比如普通民众对法官角色定位错误、普通民众对司法过程认识错误、普通思维与法律思维的不同、涉案民意容易被有意或无意的误导等原因。解决涉案民意与司法结果冲突的问题,对于中国司法实践活动和司法审判工作具有重要的意义。这就需要我们在坚持司法基本原则、坚守司法原理的前提下,通过“法律的途径”合理的吸收和引导涉案民意,比如,通过完善人民陪审员制度,完善审判公开制度,提高裁判文书的质量,完善法律法规,合理限制媒体的报道等一系列方法,使得民众看到一个公正、透明、严谨的司法过程,重塑司法机关和司法人员在民众心中的形象,重树司法的权威和公信力。
[Abstract]:In real life, public opinion and justice show a picture of conflict. The views and opinions of the ordinary people, the elite and the news media on the case often contradict each other. But the people as a whole and the judiciary and judicial personnel view and view of the case more serious. And the expression of people's views shows a wide range of characteristics: from civil cases to administrative cases to criminal cases, from the traditional media to the emerging media, everywhere you can see the people's ideas about the court hearing cases. Questions and criticisms. Not only in general news reports, but also in the theoretical study of law, "the relationship between public opinion and justice" has always been the focus and hot spot of the research. Many scholars are debating whether public opinion interferes in the administration of justice and whether the judiciary should absorb public opinion. However, many people have neglected that there is a difference between "public opinion" in the judiciary and public opinion in the general sense of legal theory. It is a kind of public opinion involved with its own characteristics. Therefore, we should first distinguish and define the public opinion and the public opinion involved. And clarify the expression of public opinion involved in the form. After analysis, the characteristics of the public opinion involved in the case are non-universal, irrational, volatile, one-sidedness and fragmentation. The public opinion involved in the case is often formed in an environment where it is easy to be disrupted, lacking in standardization and order, and, Public opinion involved in the case is usually manifested in public anger, elite consciousness and network public opinion in three forms. The "entanglement" between the public opinion involved in the case and the administration of justice is often manifested in the disapproval of the public opinion involved in the judicial outcome. There are many reasons for this disapproval. The first is the problems and shortcomings of the judicial system itself. This includes that the administration of courts leads to judicial injustice, the lack of sense of responsibility of judges leads to judicial injustice, judicial corruption leads to the loss of judicial credibility, the improper intervention of party and government organs leads to judicial injustice; secondly, The public opinion involved in the case is also irrational, such as the common people's mispositioning of the judge's role, the common people's wrong understanding of the judicial process, the difference between the common thinking and the legal thinking, and the fact that the public opinion involved in the case is easily misled intentionally or unintentionally. It is of great significance to resolve the conflict between public opinion and judicial results for judicial practice and judicial trial in China. This requires us to, on the premise of upholding the basic principles of justice and upholding the principles of justice, reasonably absorb and guide the public opinion involved in the case through "legal channels", for example, by perfecting the system of people's assessors and perfecting the system of open trial. To improve the quality of adjudication documents, perfect laws and regulations, and reasonably limit media reports, etc., so that the public can see a fair, transparent and rigorous judicial process, and reshape the image of the judiciary and judicial personnel in the hearts of the public. Re-establish the authority and credibility of the judiciary.
【学位授予单位】：南京大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D916;D913

【参考文献】