死刑检察监督制度研究

发布时间：2018-06-28 20:19

本文选题：死刑检察监督 + 司法控制　；参考：《武汉大学》2011年博士论文

【摘要】：本文遵循刑事一体化的思路,以强化死刑案件法律监督为主线,以实现死刑的司法控制为目标,立足死刑立法及实践存在的问题,从理论与实践的结合、实体和程序的统一,跨学科、多角度的研究死刑案件立案、侦查、审判、执行环节的监督措施,努力构建和探索死刑检察监督的理论体系及运作方式。第一章基础论：死刑检察监督理论概述首先,从明晰相关概念入手,纠正监督的错误认知,论解监督的悖论,揭示法律监督的内涵,总结中国检察制度的特色。其次,概说死刑司法控制的模式,概括死刑司法控制的特征：控制主体的特定性、控制手段的诉讼性、控制过程的人为性、控制路径的综合性、控制结果的有效性。规制死刑检察监督的内涵特征：死刑检察监督是指,检察机关为了保障死刑的统一正确适用,防止死刑冤错案件的发生,切实减少死刑执行数量,通过权能的整合和增进,对死刑诉讼进行的平衡调适和纠偏督促活动。再次,研究死刑检察监督的产生发展和演变过程；评述各国死刑控制的发展路径,考察典型国家死刑检察监督制度；阐述死刑检察监督的法理依据,并分析其价值。第二章实体论：死刑检察监督的标准关于检察监督死刑案件的法律标准。针对死刑适用总则标准的认识分歧,认为学者们的判定没有原则上的区别,“罪行极其严重”是指导司法实践具体应用死刑的深层次判断性因素,本质在于从理念上框定和限制死刑的严格运用,单独存在不具有实质性的执行意义,必须和刑法分则中死刑适用的具体规定有机配合才有本源性的价值；综合归纳死缓案件适用“不是必须立即执行”12种具体判断标准,实例介绍实践中已经实行的可以对被告人适用死缓的13种情形,认为死缓是死刑司法控制的最佳途径和最优选择,应遵循以适用死缓为首选,以死刑立即执行为例外的执法原则,积极扩展死缓的适用范围,合目的从宽扩大适用,降低死刑立即执行的数量；总结归纳死刑案件的裁量情节,认为量刑情节的价值判断对死刑的司法限制具有决定因素,阐述了法定应当从轻情节不可适用死刑的绝对性,排除了可以从轻情节的不适用死刑的特殊性,强调了酌定从轻情节的从宽性。关于检察监督死刑案件的证据标准。针对死刑案件证明标准的质疑,认为深入分析我国现实刑事证明标准的内在含义及死刑错案发生的机理,强调提高死刑案件证明标准并没有实际意义,需要提升和释疑的是证明的技能和程度；控制死刑、提高死刑证明标准的效益在于增加证明的程度和幅度,即构建复杂程序,增设过滤筛查机制,发挥检察监督作用,实现多层次、多环节把关控制。关于死刑执法冲突的协调。提出化解司法解释冲突的构想是实体法的应用解释统归法院行使,程序法的应用解释由检察机关负责。对于政法委协调案件的改良,应创新制度构建长效机制,进一步明确执法监督的程序和方法,增强执法协调的技术性、实效性和科学性。第三章程序论：死刑检察监督的程序第一,死刑案件的立案监督。立案监督是死刑控制不可忽视的环节,但应深化机理,补正结构,建立机制,使立案监督由行政性的软约束转换为司法性的硬管制。第二,死刑案件的侦查监督。侦查监督是检察机关死刑检察监督的重点,但平行运行、接续而进、不分主次,权力各异、职责分离特点的混合性模式,造成了检察机关监督控制不利的自然缺陷。优化检察监督的检警模式,要弱化警察对检察的制约关系,由相互独立、相互配合、互相制约、检察监督的关系,转化为相互配合、检察监督的构建。第三,死刑案件的审判监督。刑事审判监督是控制死刑合理运用的关键环节,包括死刑量刑建议冲突的判别、死刑公诉裁量机制的拓展、死刑定罪与量刑程序的分离、死刑证据开示制度的强化、死刑二审诉讼不利的承担和检察客观义务走偏的纠正六个方面。第四,死刑案件的复核监督。死刑复核程序对死刑适用的司法控制功效特殊,根据死刑复核具体案件的特点采取不同的监督策略,使其局限在一定的案件范围和工作环节；采用多元化的复核方式；时限的设置必需宽严相宜；加强“两高”死刑复核的有效协调,建立事前解决冲突的相关机制,适时召开联席工作会议,组建特别组织重点审查久拖不决案件,建立重大分歧案件联合审查制度。第五,死刑案件的执行监督。死刑执行程序对死刑适用的限制具有重要意义,但死刑的执行和监督都亟须加强和改进,应将死刑执行主体赋予司法行政机关,由司法行政机关在羁押场所内统一执行,检察机关的监所部门作为死刑执行监督主体是现实合理的选择。第四章改革论：死刑检察监督的完善第一,死刑正当程序的构建,重点从设置程序违法制裁手段、增设防止错杀的屏障、加强弱方诉讼权利保障和健全基础性程序制度等四个方面完善死刑正当程序。第二,死刑检察监督理念的提升。检察执法理念是检察人员在执法实践中逐渐积累形成并指导其行为的思想、观点和心理状态的总和。要坚持死刑审慎理念、时俱进理念、程序正当理念、和谐执法理念,完善死刑适用的平衡统一机制,建立办理死刑案件矛盾疏导机制,建立学习提升技能发展机制。第三,死刑检察监督机制的改革,包括内部监督制约流程的完善和外部协调配合模式的设立两个方面。
[Abstract]:This article follows the idea of criminal integration, focusing on strengthening the legal supervision of death penalty cases, aiming at the realization of judicial control of death penalty, based on the problems existing in the death penalty legislation and practice, from the combination of theory and practice, the unity of entity and procedure, interdisciplinary and multi angle research on the case filing of death penalty cases, investigation, trial and supervision. Measures to build and explore the theoretical system and operation mode of the death penalty procuratorial supervision.
Chapter one: basic theory: the theory of death penalty procuratorial supervision
First, we begin with the definition of the relevant concepts, correct the wrong cognition of supervision, discuss the paradox of supervision, reveal the connotation of legal supervision and summarize the characteristics of the Chinese procuratorial system. Secondly, it generalizes the mode of judicial control of death penalty, and summarizes the characteristics of the judicial control of death penalty: the specificity of the control subject, the litigation of the control means, and the human nature of the control process. The comprehensiveness of the control path and the effectiveness of the control results. The connotation characteristics of the supervision of the procuratorial supervision of the death penalty: the procuratorial supervision of death penalty means that the procuratorial organ can protect the unification of the death penalty correctly, prevent the occurrence of the unjust cases of the death penalty, reduce the number of execution of the death penalty, and the balance of the death penalty litigation through the integration and promotion of the power. Thirdly, the development and evolution process of procuratorial supervision of death penalty is studied, the development path of death penalty control in various countries is reviewed, the procuratorial supervision system of death penalty in typical countries is inspecting, the legal basis of procuratorial supervision of death penalty is expounded, and its value is analyzed.
The second chapter of entity theory: the standard of procuratorial supervision of death penalty
On the legal standards of procuratorial supervision and supervision of the death penalty cases, the understanding of the general standards for the application of the death penalty is divided. It is considered that there is no principle difference between the scholars and the "extremely serious crime" is the deep judgment factor to guide the judicial practice to apply the death penalty specifically. The essence is to frame and restrict the strict application of the death penalty from the concept. There is no substantive execution meaning, it must be combined with the specific provisions of the application of the death penalty in the penal code in order to have the original value; the 12 specific criteria for the application of the case of death and reprieve are summarized, and the 13 cases in which the defendants can be applied in practice are introduced in the practice. The slow death penalty is the best way and the best choice for judicial control of death penalty. We should follow the principle of law enforcement with the application of death and reprieve as the first choice, with the immediate execution of death penalty as an exception, actively expand the scope of application of death and reprieve, expand the application of the purpose and reduce the amount of immediate execution of death penalty, sum up the discretion plot of death penalty cases, and consider the circumstances of sentencing. The value judgment has a decisive factor in the Judicial Restriction of the death penalty, and expounds the absoluteness of the statutory law should not apply to the death penalty, excludes the particularity of the non application of the death penalty, and emphasizes the leniency of the discretionary plot.
On the standard of evidence for procuratorial supervision of death penalty cases. In view of the challenge of the standard of proof of death penalty cases, it is believed that the inner meaning of the actual criminal proof standard and the mechanism of the miscase of death penalty in China are deeply analyzed. It is emphasized that the improvement of the standard of proof of death penalty cases is not practical, and the skill and degree of proof need to be raised and explained. Death penalty, the benefit of improving the standard of proving the death penalty lies in increasing the degree and extent of the proof, that is, constructing complex procedures, adding filter screening mechanism, playing the role of procuratorial supervision, realizing multi-level and multi ring control.
On the coordination of the conflict of the execution of the execution of the death penalty. The idea of resolving the conflict of judicial interpretation is the application of the substantive law to the exercise of the court. The application interpretation of the procedural law is in charge of the procuratorial organs. For the improvement of the coordination cases of the political and Law Commission, a long-term mechanism should be constructed by the innovation system, the procedures and methods of supervision of law enforcement are further confirmed, and the association of law enforcement is strengthened. It is technical, effective and scientific.
The third chapter of procedure theory: the procedure of procuratorial supervision of death penalty
First, the case supervision of the death penalty case. The case supervision is a link that can not be ignored in the death penalty control. But we should deepen the mechanism, complement the structure, establish the mechanism, make the case supervision from the administrative soft constraint to the judicial hard control. Second, the investigation supervision of the death penalty case. The supervision of the procuratorial organs is the focus of the procuratorial supervision of the prosecution organs, but parallel to the supervision of the procuratorial organs. The mixed mode of operation and continuation, without distinction of primary and secondary, different power and separation of responsibilities has caused the natural defects of the supervision and control of the procuratorial organs. The optimization of the mode of procuratorial supervision and supervision should weaken the restrictive relations of the police to the procuratorial work, and the relationship of mutual independence, mutual coordination, mutual restriction, procuratorial supervision and mutual cooperation, The construction of procuratorial supervision. Third, the judicial supervision of the death penalty cases. The criminal trial supervision is the key link to control the rational use of the death penalty, including the judgement of the conflict of the death penalty sentencing proposal, the expansion of the punishment mechanism of the death penalty public prosecution, the separation of the death penalty and the sentencing procedure, the strengthening of the evidence opening system of the death penalty, the adverse undertaking of the second instance of the death penalty and the unfavourable undertaking of the death penalty second instance. Procuratorial objective obligation to correct six aspects. Fourth, the death penalty case review supervision. The death penalty review procedure for the application of the death penalty judicial control effect is special, according to the characteristics of the death penalty review specific cases to take different supervision strategies, so that it is limited to a certain range of cases and work links; the use of multiple methods of review; The establishment of the limit must be appropriate and strict; the effective coordination of the "two high" capital punishment review should be strengthened, the relevant mechanisms for solving the conflict before the incident are set up, the joint working meeting is held at the right time, the special organization is set up to examine the long drags and the joint review system of major disagreement cases. Fifth, the execution supervision of the death penalty cases. The restrictions on the application of the death penalty are of great significance, but the execution and supervision of the death penalty must be strengthened and improved. The judicial administrative organs should be given to the main body of the execution of the death penalty, and the judicial administrative organs should be carried out in a place of detention in a unified way. The supervision department of the procuratorial organs is a realistic and reasonable choice as the execution of the supervision of the death penalty.
The fourth chapter reform theory: the perfection of procuratorial supervision of death penalty
First, the construction of the due process of death penalty, focusing on four aspects of perfecting the due process of death penalty from the setting procedures of illegal sanctions, adding the barrier to prevent the wrong killing, strengthening the protection of the weak party's litigation rights and perfecting the basic procedural system. Second, the promotion of the idea of the procuratorial supervision of death penalty. Gradually accumulate and guide the thought, the point of view and the summation of the psychological state of the death penalty, adhere to the concept of the death penalty prudent, the concept of the proper procedure, the concept of a harmonious law enforcement, perfect the balanced and unified mechanism for the application of the death penalty, the establishment of the mechanism for dealing with the contradiction of the death penalty cases, the establishment of the mechanism for the development of the learning and upgrading skills. Third, procuratorial supervision of death penalty. The reform of supervision mechanism includes two aspects: the perfection of internal supervision and control process and the establishment of external coordination mode.
【学位授予单位】：武汉大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D925.2;D926.3

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