论检察机关自侦案件侦查的监督制约

发布时间：2018-06-29 17:49

  本文选题：检察机关 + 自侦权　； 参考：《河北大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：刑事侦查权是国家惩治犯罪的重要公权力。新刑诉法第115条首次建立了对各种违法侦查行为的投诉处理机制,其中规定人民检察院为申诉或控告的处理机关,这就明确了检察机关是法律监督机关，但刑事诉讼法又赋予了检察机关对职务犯罪的自侦权。在司法实践中，由于监督制约机制的缺失，造成部分检察机关自侦权的滥用，加上检察权本身的特性又给人们带来检察机关只是监督别人而自身不受监督的印象，从而派生出谁来监督监督者的问题。检察机关自侦权一旦被滥用，不仅犯罪得不到控制，公民的正当权利也会受到伤害，还会给社会造成恶劣的影响。因此，深入研究对检察机关自侦权的监督制约，不仅可以推动建设法治国家的进程，完善我国的监督体系，对更好地保护人权也有重要意义。实践中，检察机关自身的内部监督及人大、当事人、社会监督等监督方式都存在先天的缺陷。律师却有其得天独厚的条件，精通法律程序，代表犯罪嫌疑人的利益，能最大限度地保障犯罪嫌疑人的合法权益，能及时掌握案情，对整个案件的全过程都能实施监督等。因此在对检察机关职务犯罪自侦权的监督中，律师是一个重要监督主体，且能发挥比其他监督主体更大的作用。因此，要加强对检察机关自侦权的监督，必须强化律师的监督作用。 2012年3月14日《刑事诉讼法》修正草案获得通过，，新刑诉法修改过程中,立法机关广泛听取了各界声音。总体上看,强化了法律监督,特别是对侦查、执行、特别程序的监督。修正后的刑诉法赋予了犯罪嫌疑人侦查期间委托律师辩护的权利,检察机关办理自侦案件在第一次讯问或对其采取强制措施时,应当告知其有权委托辩护人。律师侦查期间会见特别重大贿赂犯罪案件犯罪嫌疑人应经检察机关批准,检察机关应事先通知看守所。会见时不被监听。第一百五十八条也规定侦查机关在案件侦查终结前，可以听取辩护律师的意见，并在案卷中注明。辩护律师提出书面意见的，应当附卷。新的诉讼法赋予了律师更多的权利，确立了律师在侦查阶段辩护人的诉讼地位，这样有利于完善检察机关自侦案件的监督制度。但是对自侦案件的监督问题，并没有得到立法者足够的关注，我国刑事诉讼法并没有提出具体的要求。由于立法上的缺陷，使自侦案件在侦查实践中存在诸多问题。
[Abstract]:The power of criminal investigation is an important public power for the state to punish crimes. Article 115 of the new Criminal procedure Law establishes for the first time a complaint handling mechanism for various illegal investigations, which stipulates that the people's procuratorate shall be the handling organ for complaints or complaints, which makes it clear that the procuratorial organ is a legal supervisory organ. But the criminal procedure law gives the procuratorial organ the right of self-investigation to the duty crime. In judicial practice, due to the lack of supervision and restriction mechanism, some procuratorial organs abuse their power of self-investigation, and the characteristics of procuratorial power itself give people the impression that procuratorial organs are only supervising others and not being supervised by themselves. Thus derive the question of who will supervise. Once the procuratorial organ's right of self-investigation is abused, not only the crime cannot be controlled, but also the legitimate rights of citizens will be harmed, and the society will be badly affected. Therefore, further study on the supervision and restriction of procuratorial organs' self-investigation power can not only promote the process of building a country ruled by law, perfect our country's supervision system, but also play an important role in the better protection of human rights. In practice, the internal supervision of procuratorial organs and supervision methods such as people's Congress, parties and social supervision all have inherent defects. But lawyers have their unique conditions, master legal procedures, represent the interests of criminal suspects, can maximize the protection of the legitimate rights and interests of criminal suspects, can grasp the case in time, the whole process of the case can be supervised, and so on. Therefore, in the supervision of the power of self-investigation of procuratorial organs' duty crime, lawyer is an important subject of supervision and can play a bigger role than other supervisory subjects. Therefore, in order to strengthen the supervision of the procuratorial organs' right of self-investigation, it is necessary to strengthen the supervisory role of lawyers. On March 14, 2012, the draft amendment to the Criminal procedure Law was adopted, and in the course of the revision of the new Criminal procedure Law, The legislature listened extensively to the voices of all walks of life. In general, legal supervision has been strengthened, especially on investigation, enforcement and special procedures. The amended Criminal procedure Law gives the criminal suspect the right to entrust a lawyer to defend during the investigation. When the procuratorial organ handles the self-investigating case for the first time or takes compulsory measures against it, it should inform it of its right to entrust a defender. During the investigation, a lawyer shall meet a suspect in a particularly serious bribery crime case with the approval of the procuratorial organ, which shall notify the detention center in advance. Meetings are not monitored. Article 158 also provides that the investigating authorities may hear the opinions of defence counsel before the investigation of the case is concluded and indicate it in the case file. Where a defence lawyer makes a written opinion, a copy shall be attached. The new procedure law gives lawyers more rights, and establishes the lawyer's litigation status in the investigation stage, which is helpful to perfect the supervision system of procuratorial organs' self-investigation cases. However, the supervision of self-investigating cases has not been paid enough attention by legislators, and the criminal procedure law of our country has not put forward specific requirements. Due to the defects in legislation, there are many problems in the investigation practice of self-detection cases.
【学位授予单位】：河北大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D925.2;D926.3

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