浅析基层法院如何实现审判独立

发布时间：2018-08-22 08:37

【摘要】：最高人民法院前院长肖扬同志曾经在最高法院的工作报告中指出：人民法院受理的案件80%在基层,80%的法官和其他工作人员也在基层。基层法院是中国人民司法体制的基础,是实现公民合法权益的前沿,也是保障全社会实现公平和正义的基石,基层法院司法制度运行情况直接决定着中国法院体制的品质。司法独立的原则在我国的宪政制度上得到了确认,但理论上的确认并不等于实践上的遵从。司法独立原则在我国的司法实践中受到了来自于外部的种种压力,这种压力在基层法院尤其明显,在我国基层法院的司法活动中出现了地方化、行政化等问题,其突出表现在法院与地方党委、政府、人大等机关的关系中。致使法院在行使司法权的过程中过度强调主动服务而忽略了司法本身所具有的被动属性。因此从基层法院的执法环境出发研究司法独立的相关内容具有重要的理论意义和现实意义。笔者试图通过对基层法院司法独立制度运行现状的调查研究,运用实证分析法,以揭示出中国法院目前存在的有碍司法独立的普遍问题,从而提出促进我国司法独立制度发展的有效措施。司法独立在我国有广义狭义之分,本文所指的司法独立仅限于法院的审判独立。本文主要从以下三个方面进行论述：第一,审判独立理论的起源与发展。本部分从审判独立理论的历史发展角度出发,对司法独立原则理论的起源与发展、传入我国后对封建司法制度的影响以及新中国成立后在宪政体制下司法独立理论的发展状况进行了详细的阐述。第二,我国基层法院审判独立的现状。本部分主要从我国审判权受到外界的种种束缚,独立行使审判权时受到外部掣肘出发,进行调查研究,认真剖析司法独立所面临的来自人大、党委、政府、媒体以及法院内部等各方面的压力,从这些干预所依据的法律作为突破,深刻剖析处于权力金字塔底端的基层法院独立行使审判权所面临的种种压力。第三,基层法院审判独立的改革构想。根据第二部分所指出的种种困难,在充分考虑我国司法机关宪政地位的基础上,分别从基层法院与地方党委,与人大,与政府,与传媒、以及上级法院、法院内设机构的关系出发,详细论述如何在坚持我国宪政的根本原则下,找到破除困境的有效途径,使司法独立达到至少最低限度的标准。明确了在中国特殊的国情下,司法不仅仅是一个司法问题,还是一个政治问题。这就决定了中国构建健全的司法独立是一个庞大的社会系统工程,必须完善司法独立所要求的执法环境和条件。
[Abstract]:Comrade Xiao Yang, former president of the Supreme people's Court, once pointed out in a report on the work of the Supreme Court that 80% of the cases accepted by the people's Court are also at the grassroots level. The basic courts are the basis of the Chinese people's judicial system, the frontier of realizing the citizens' legitimate rights and interests, and the cornerstone of ensuring the fairness and justice of the whole society. The operation of the grass-roots courts' judicial system directly determines the quality of the Chinese court system. The principle of judicial independence has been confirmed in the constitutional system of our country, but the confirmation in theory is not equal to the compliance in practice. In the judicial practice of our country, the principle of judicial independence has been subjected to various kinds of external pressure, which is especially obvious in the grass-roots courts. In our country, the judicial activities of the grass-roots courts have appeared localization, administrative problems, and so on. Its outstanding performance is in the court and the local party committee, the government, the people's Congress and so on organ relations. In the process of exercising judicial power, the court overemphasizes the active service and neglects the passive attribute of the judicature itself. Therefore, it is of great theoretical and practical significance to study the relevant contents of judicial independence from the law enforcement environment of grass-roots courts. The author attempts to investigate the current situation of the judicial independence system of the grass-roots courts and use the empirical analysis method to reveal the common problems that hinder the judicial independence in Chinese courts at present. Therefore, the effective measures to promote the development of judicial independence system in China are put forward. Judicial independence is divided into broad sense and narrow sense in our country. This paper mainly discusses the following three aspects: first, the origin and development of the theory of judicial independence. In this part, from the perspective of the historical development of the theory of judicial independence, the origin and development of the theory of the principle of judicial independence are discussed. After being introduced into our country, the influence on the feudal judicial system and the development of the theory of judicial independence under the constitutional system after the founding of New China were expounded in detail. Second, the status quo of the trial independence of our country's basic level courts. This part mainly starts from the outside restraints on the judicial power of our country, from the external constraints in the independent exercise of judicial power, carries out investigations and studies, and seriously analyzes the judicial independence that comes from the people's Congress, party committees, and governments. From the breakthrough of the law on which the intervention is based, the pressure from the media and inside the court is deeply analyzed that the grassroots courts at the bottom of the pyramid of power are faced with the pressure of exercising their judicial power independently. Third, the reform conception of the trial independence of the basic level court. According to the difficulties pointed out in the second part, on the basis of fully considering the constitutional status of the judicial organs in our country, the grassroots courts and the local party committees, the people's congresses, the government, the media, and the higher courts, Starting from the relationship between the internal organs of the court, this paper discusses in detail how to find an effective way to break down the predicament and make the judicial independence reach the minimum standard under the fundamental principle of constitutional government in our country. In China's special situation, justice is not only a judicial issue, but also a political issue. This determines that it is a huge social system engineering for China to build a sound judicial independence, and it is necessary to perfect the law enforcement environment and conditions required by judicial independence.
【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D926.2

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