当前中国巡回审判制度研究

发布时间：2018-08-23 08:55

【摘要】：巡回审判制度在西方有着悠久的历史，但我国的巡回审判制度与西方的巡回审判则有着不同的内涵，而是与“马锡五审案方式”一脉相承。可是，随着政治、经济、法制以及社会环境的改变，当前的巡回审判注定不可能是“马锡五审判方式”的简单复刻。当前我国的巡回审判制度是以“便于当事人诉讼，便于法院审理”为原则，即法官走出法庭，巡回办案，就地审理。目前，全国范围内掀起了巡回审判的热潮。曾一度淡出人们视野的巡回审判在当前的回归是有其必要性的，即巡回审判在当前中国有着肥沃的生长土壤。一方面人民法庭的撤并，虽然整合了司法资源，但也造成了法庭密度的下降，对于地处偏远、经济欠发达地区的人们来说无疑造成了其诉讼的不便。另一方面当前中国处于社会转型期，，转型期乡村社会的纠纷数量增多、种类变广、复杂程度也在加深，人们纠纷解决的需求在不断增大，但传统的纠纷解决方式自身功能有限且不断弱化，而现有的“坐堂问案”式审判方式则由于自身种种弊端难以适应乡村社会，进而使得乡村社会纠纷解决遭遇了困境。巡回审判的回归正是法院对这种困境的一种回应。当前的巡回审判相比于“坐堂问案”，更加便于当事人诉讼，便于法院公正、高效地审理案件，同时还有利于塑造司法亲和力，有利于和谐社会的构建。但是这些价值的发挥还有赖于巡回审判的良好运行。然而在实践中，巡回审判制度并不完善，其存在制度运行不规范、运行成本高而保障不足、与基层组织沟通不够、适用范围扩大化等问题。从社会发展的趋势来看，我国巡回审判将呈衰落之势，但在相当长的一段时期内，仍然有大力实施的必要，并且在促进人民法庭改革上具有广阔的发展前景。然而这有赖于巡回审判制度的完善。故笔者提出了制定统一、有利于执行的巡回审判规则，加强基层法院的经费和人力保障，加强与基层组织的沟通协作的完善建议。
[Abstract]:The touring trial system has a long history in the west, but the itinerant trial system in our country has different connotations from those in the western countries. However, with the changes of politics, economy, legal system and social environment, the current itinerant trial is doomed to be a simple duplicate of Ma Xiwu's trial mode. At present, the system of circuit trial in our country is based on the principle of "convenient for litigant litigation, convenient for court trial", that is, judges go out of court, circuit cases, and try on the spot. At present, the whole country raised the upsurge of the circuit trial. It is necessary to return to the circuit, which was once out of sight, that is, the circuit has a fertile soil for growth in China. On the one hand, the withdrawal and merger of the people's Court, although the integration of judicial resources, but also caused a decline in the density of the court, for people in remote and economically underdeveloped areas, undoubtedly caused the inconvenience of their litigation. On the other hand, at present, China is in the period of social transformation, the number of disputes in the rural society in the transitional period is increasing, the types are becoming wider and the complexity is also deepening, and the demand for dispute resolution is constantly increasing. However, the traditional dispute resolution method itself is limited and weakening, while the existing "sitting in court case" trial method is difficult to adapt to the rural society due to its own shortcomings, thus making the rural social dispute resolution encountered difficulties. The return of the circuit is one of the courts' responses to this dilemma. The current circuit trial is more convenient for litigant litigation, more convenient for the court to deal with cases fairly and efficiently, and also conducive to shaping judicial affinity and building a harmonious society. But the exertion of these values also depends on the good operation of the circuit trial. However, in practice, the circuit trial system is not perfect, its system operation is not standardized, the running cost is high and the guarantee is insufficient, the communication with grass-roots organizations is not enough, and the scope of application is enlarged. Judging from the trend of social development, the circuit trial in our country will show a tendency of decline, but in a long period of time, it is still necessary to carry out it vigorously, and has a broad development prospect in promoting the reform of the people's court. However, this depends on the perfection of the circuit trial system. Therefore, the author puts forward some suggestions to make the rules of roving trial that are unified and beneficial to the execution, to strengthen the funds and manpower security of the basic courts, and to strengthen the communication and cooperation with the grass-roots organizations.
【学位授予单位】：华东政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D926.2

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