量刑规范化实体路径研究

发布时间：2018-08-23 08:06

【摘要】：我国的刑事司法实践中存在着比较严重的量刑偏差现象。量刑偏差产生的原因主要包括刑法规定不具体、估堆式量刑方法不科学、内外因对审判人员的影响以及刑事政策和地域等因素的影响等。量刑规范化改革对减少量刑偏差具有极为重要的意义。从我国的司法传统和现状出发,量刑改革应当先从实体路径入手,再完善量刑程序,最终实现规范化的量刑。要探索量刑规范化的实体路径,必须首先明确我国量刑过程中的实体问题。我国量刑过程中存在的实体问题主要有三个大的方面,一是量刑依据不完善,二是量刑方法存在问题,三是量刑情节体系不完备导致法官量刑时适用困难。国内已有的研究和实践做法为我们量刑规范化改革提供了借鉴和经验,同时,美国、英国、德国等西方法治发达国家对量刑依据、量刑模式和量刑方法的有益探索与尝试也能够为我国量刑规范化改革提供重要的启示和参考。我国量刑规范化实体路径主要包括以下几个方面：第一,确立和完善量刑基准。我国应对量刑基准确立的主体和步骤做出规定。量刑基准的完善应注意以下三个方面：一是明确规定全面评价原则和禁止重复评价原则；二是细化现行刑法的法定刑幅度,增强刑罚裁量规则的层次性；三是制定适合我国具体情况的量刑指导规则。第二,完善量刑情节。完善量刑情节,既包括对作为量刑依据的量刑情节的细化,又涉及对法官量刑时对量刑情节的选择和适用方法的改进。具体而言,是在立法中明确“情节”的内涵和外延；二是将酌定量刑情节法定化；三是兼顾量刑情节的内容、功能及效力；四是正确处理社会舆论与量刑情节的关系。第三,构建刑事案例指导量刑制度。与其他案例指导制度相比,刑事案例指导制度具有特殊性,刑事案例指导量刑制度的建立是弥补刑事成文法的缺陷的重要途径,也是我国刑事审判实践的现实需要。我国应当从创制主体、案例遴选、案例的公布和废止、案例的援引以及制度的监督等方面入手,全方位构建刑事案例指导量刑制度。在上述基础上,以量刑基准的设立为根本,通过对量刑情节的细化,再加上发布刑事案例以指导量刑,形成三者之间的协调机制。
[Abstract]:In our country's criminal judicial practice, there is a serious phenomenon of sentencing deviation. The causes of sentencing deviation mainly include the unspecific provisions of criminal law, the unscientific method of sentencing, the influence of internal and external factors on the judges, the influence of criminal policy and regional factors, and so on. The reform of sentencing standardization is of great significance to reduce the deviation of sentencing. Proceeding from the judicial tradition and present situation of our country, the reform of sentencing should start with the substantive path, then perfect the sentencing procedure, and finally realize the standardized sentencing. In order to explore the substantive path of sentencing standardization, we must first clarify the substantive issues in the process of sentencing in China. There are three main substantive problems in the process of sentencing in our country, one is that the sentencing basis is not perfect, the other is the problem of sentencing method, and the third is the difficulty of applying the sentence to the judge due to the incomplete sentencing circumstances system. Domestic existing research and practice practices have provided us with reference and experience for the reform of sentencing standardization. Meanwhile, the United States, Britain, Germany and other developed countries with the rule of law in the west have adopted the sentencing basis. The beneficial exploration and attempt of sentencing mode and method can also provide important inspiration and reference for the reform of sentencing standardization in our country. Our country sentencing standardization entity path mainly includes the following several aspects: first, establishes and consummates the sentencing standard. Our country should stipulate the subject and steps of establishing the standard of sentencing. The following three aspects should be paid attention to in the perfection of sentencing benchmark: first, the principle of comprehensive evaluation and the principle of prohibiting repeated evaluation should be clearly stipulated; second, the statutory penalty range of current criminal law should be refined, and the hierarchy of penalty discretion rules should be enhanced. Third, the formulation of sentencing guidance rules suitable for China's specific circumstances. Second, perfect the circumstances of sentencing. Perfecting the circumstances of sentencing includes the refinement of the circumstances of sentencing as the basis of sentencing, and the improvement of the choice of circumstances and applicable methods of sentencing for judges. Specifically, it is to clarify the connotation and extension of "circumstances" in legislation; second, to legalize discretionary circumstances of sentencing; third, to take into account the content, function and effectiveness of circumstances of sentencing; and fourth, to correctly handle the relationship between public opinion and circumstances of sentencing. Third, the construction of criminal cases to guide sentencing system. Compared with other cases guidance system, criminal case guidance system has its particularity. The establishment of criminal case guidance sentencing system is an important way to make up for the defects of criminal statute law, and is also the practical need of our country's criminal trial practice. China should start from the aspects of creation subject, case selection, publication and annulment of cases, invocation of cases and supervision of system, so as to construct the sentencing system of criminal cases in all directions. On the basis of above, the establishment of sentencing benchmark as the fundamental, through the refinement of sentencing circumstances, plus the release of criminal cases to guide sentencing, the formation of the coordination mechanism between the three.
【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D926;D924.13

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