两汉“州”的司法职能

发布时间：2018-10-20 14:10

【摘要】：州在汉代的地位很特殊,经历了从监察御史监察区到丞相史监察区,从刺史监察区到最终发展为地方最高级别的州牧行政区的演变过程。而州辖区的长官也经历了西汉早期的监御史、丞相史到刺史与州牧的反复置罢过程。作为整个汉帝国司法体系的直接载体之一,州的作用不可忽视。州在某种程度和范围内衔接中央与地方的司法管辖,并对整个国家司法体制起到很好的补充作用。但是州的司法管辖也不仅仅是中央和地方郡县司法管辖的“边缘地带”。州有它自己独特的政治地位和司法作用。因此州的司法地位和性质不能简单定义,考察州在汉代的司法职能就显得很重要。目前,国内有关汉代州的研究主要集中在刺史制度和州制的演变等政治学和历史学领域,表现为秦汉官制史研究和州制的考据,而法律史学的研究不多。具体详细考证汉代州司法职能方面的文章却未闻之。鉴于州在汉代独特的地位,目前学界都只是从刺史或者州牧的角度间接地论及州,或者研究州的行政性质,而很少以州为主题来探讨其司法职能。本文将从司法的角度详细考察州在两汉的司法职能,以马克思辩证唯物主义与历史唯物主义为指导原则,并充分借鉴前人的研究成果。采用叙述史料与议论相结合的方法写作,力求从传世文献中完整而准确的梳理出州的司法职能。就全文的结构而言,首先从司法职能的角度考察州在汉代的产生、发展的全部历史过程,并分析两汉不同时期及不同长官统辖下的州在大汉帝国司法体系中司法地位的变化。其次,在前述基础上力求疏理清楚州与郡、国司法职能和权限之间的关系。再次,以州的司法官吏为研究出发点,分析州司法官吏的权力来源即司法权的法律依据、执行司法权的官吏组成以及州管辖案件的范围。最后,对州司法职能的具体内容进行比较系统的归纳。纵观全文,州在汉代司法体系中的地位、州管辖案件的范围与州司法职能的具体内容是本次研究的重点。此次研究的目的在于通过对传世文献的考察,理清州的司法地位、司法管辖权以及州级官吏等在两汉演变的历史线索,并在此基础上整理出较为系统和完善的州的司法职能。
[Abstract]:The status of state in Han Dynasty is very special, it has gone through the evolution process from supervising the imperial history supervision district to the prime minister history supervision area, from the thorn history supervision area to the final development to the prefecture pastoral administrative district at the highest local level. The governor of the prefecture also experienced the history of the early Western Han Dynasty, the history of the prime minister, the history of the thorn and the state pastoral repeatedly. As one of the direct carriers of the judicial system of the Han Empire, the role of the state can not be ignored. To a certain extent, the state connects the central and local jurisdiction, and plays a good complementary role to the national judicial system. But state jurisdiction is not just the "fringe" of central and local county jurisdiction. The state has its own unique political status and judicial role. Therefore, the judicial status and nature of the state can not be defined simply, it is very important to investigate the judicial function of the state in the Han Dynasty. At present, the research of Han Dynasty mainly focuses on the political science and history, such as the system of thorn history and the evolution of state system, which is reflected in the study of the official system of the Qin and Han dynasties and the textual research of the state system, but the study of the history of law is not much. Specific and detailed textual research Han Dynasty state judicial function aspect article actually did not hear it. In view of the unique position of the state in the Han Dynasty, the scholars only discuss the state indirectly from the angle of the history of the thorn or the state pastoral, or study the administrative nature of the state, but seldom discuss the judicial function of the state as the theme. This article will examine the judicial function of the state in the Han Dynasty from the angle of judicature, take Marxist dialectical materialism and historical materialism as the guiding principle, and fully draw lessons from the previous research results. Using the method of combining historical data with discussion, the author tries to sort out the judicial function of the state completely and accurately from the historical documents. As far as the structure of the thesis is concerned, first of all, from the angle of judicial function, the author investigates the whole historical process of the state's emergence and development in the Han Dynasty, and analyzes the changes of the judicial status of the states under the jurisdiction of different officials in the imperial judicial system of the Han Dynasty. Secondly, on the basis of the above, try to clear the relationship between state and county, judicial functions and powers. Thirdly, taking the state judicial officials as the starting point, this paper analyzes the source of the state judicial officials' power, that is, the legal basis of the judicial power, the composition of the officials executing the judicial power and the scope of the state jurisdiction cases. Finally, the specific content of the state judicial function is systematically summarized. Throughout the full text, the status of state in the judicial system of Han Dynasty, the scope of state jurisdiction cases and the specific content of state judicial function is the focus of this study. The purpose of this study is to clarify the historical clues of the evolution of the state's judicial status, jurisdiction and state officials in the Han Dynasty, and to sort out the judicial functions of the more systematic and perfect states on the basis of the investigation of the handed down documents.
【学位授予单位】：西南政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D929;D926

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