论陪审制的平民化及其对我国的启示
发布时间：2019-01-17 08:59
【摘要】：陪审制度的雏形最早出现在古希腊和罗马时代,经过了从证人角色到司法裁判者的嬗变,在英美法系国家发展兴盛,同时被世界各国仿效移植。陪审制度是国家审判机关吸收普通民众参与案件审判的一种司法制度,在不同的国家有不同的表现形式。在英美法系国家表现为陪审团陪审模式,在大陆法系国家表现为参审模式。我国的人民陪审制度属于参审制,是在借鉴原苏联司法经验的基础上并结合我国具体司法实践逐步形成的,在它存在的半个多世纪以来,彰显出其自身的多种价值：维护人民主权、促进司法公正、保障司法独立等。但同时由于人民陪审制度自身还存在一定的缺陷,在运行过程中出现“陪而不审”、“审而不议”等现象,陪审制度的功能被架空了。所以在理论界和实务界出现了陪审制度的存废争议。尤其是在全国人民代表大会通过并实施《关于完善人民陪审员制度的决定》之后,陪审制度再次成为大家关注的焦点之一,人民陪审制的存废以及它的发展模式成为学界争论的重点。 陪审制在古代奴隶制社会表现为陪审法庭,作为集体裁决模式反映了古代西方国家奴隶制民主制度的特点,随后陪审制度主要服务于王室行政,经过亨利二世的改革,逐渐普遍应用于司法领域。陪审团的角色也由最初的证人角色逐渐过渡到司法裁判者,通过与王室权力的斗争,由君主专制统治的工具转变为反对王权专政、维护平民权益的堡垒,走向一个平民化的道路。本文从比较的角度阐述了陪审制度在英美法系和大陆法系的功能,揭示了从陪审员选任到陪审制具体运作所一直遵循的原则,即陪审制的平民化原则,以及这种普通民众参与司法所具有的价值：平民化的民主价值,平民化的公正价值,平民化的自由价值。笔者主张,陪审制的平民化才是其制度本色,只有平民化的陪审员才能维护平民的利益。鉴于我国人民陪审制在选任方式以及运行过程中都存在着平民化的缺失,笔者从陪审员选任的平民化及陪审员参审的平民化角度提出了实现人民陪审制平民化的几点设想建议,期望能够推动司法体制的进一步完善。
[Abstract]:The embryonic form of jury system first appeared in ancient Greece and Rome, after the evolution from witness role to judicial judge, it developed and flourished in Anglo-American law countries, and was imitated and transplanted by countries all over the world. The jury system is a kind of judicial system in which the ordinary people are involved in the trial by the national judicial organs, which have different forms of expression in different countries. Jury system is the mode in Anglo-American law countries, and it is in civil law system. The system of people's jury in our country belongs to the system of trial participation. It has been gradually formed on the basis of drawing lessons from the judicial experience of the former Soviet Union and combining with the specific judicial practice of our country. It has existed for more than half a century. Show its own various values: to safeguard the sovereignty of the people, to promote judicial justice, to ensure judicial independence. But at the same time, because of the defects of the people's jury system itself, the function of the jury system has been set up because of the phenomenon of "accompanying without trial" and "not discussing" in the course of operation. Therefore, the jury system in the theoretical and practical circles of the existence and abolition of controversy. Especially after the National people's Congress adopted and implemented the decision on perfecting the people's jury system, the jury system has once again become one of the focuses of attention. The retention and abolition of the people's jury system and its development model have become the focus of the academic debate. Jury system in ancient slavery society as the jury court, as a collective adjudication model reflects the characteristics of the democratic system of slavery in ancient western countries, then the jury system mainly served the royal administration, after Henry II's reform. It is gradually applied to the judicial field. The role of the jury was also gradually transferred from the original witness role to the judicial adjudicator. Through the struggle against the royal power, the jury was transformed from an instrument of monarchy to a fortress against Wang Quan's dictatorship and safeguarding the rights and interests of the common people. On the path of popularisation. This paper expounds the function of jury system in Anglo-American law system and civil law system from the angle of comparison, and reveals the principle that the jury system has been following from the selection of jurors to the concrete operation of jury system, that is, the civilian principle of jury system. And this kind of ordinary people participation in justice has the value: the civilian democratic value, the civilian justice value, the civilian free value. The author argues that the civilian jury system is the essence of its system, only the civilian jurors can safeguard the interests of civilians. In view of the lack of popularization in the selection and operation of the people's jury system in our country, the author puts forward some tentative suggestions to realize the popularization of the people's jury system from the point of view of the civilian selection of jurors and the civilian participation of jurors. It is expected to promote the further improvement of the judicial system.
【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D926.2
本文编号：2409842
[Abstract]:The embryonic form of jury system first appeared in ancient Greece and Rome, after the evolution from witness role to judicial judge, it developed and flourished in Anglo-American law countries, and was imitated and transplanted by countries all over the world. The jury system is a kind of judicial system in which the ordinary people are involved in the trial by the national judicial organs, which have different forms of expression in different countries. Jury system is the mode in Anglo-American law countries, and it is in civil law system. The system of people's jury in our country belongs to the system of trial participation. It has been gradually formed on the basis of drawing lessons from the judicial experience of the former Soviet Union and combining with the specific judicial practice of our country. It has existed for more than half a century. Show its own various values: to safeguard the sovereignty of the people, to promote judicial justice, to ensure judicial independence. But at the same time, because of the defects of the people's jury system itself, the function of the jury system has been set up because of the phenomenon of "accompanying without trial" and "not discussing" in the course of operation. Therefore, the jury system in the theoretical and practical circles of the existence and abolition of controversy. Especially after the National people's Congress adopted and implemented the decision on perfecting the people's jury system, the jury system has once again become one of the focuses of attention. The retention and abolition of the people's jury system and its development model have become the focus of the academic debate. Jury system in ancient slavery society as the jury court, as a collective adjudication model reflects the characteristics of the democratic system of slavery in ancient western countries, then the jury system mainly served the royal administration, after Henry II's reform. It is gradually applied to the judicial field. The role of the jury was also gradually transferred from the original witness role to the judicial adjudicator. Through the struggle against the royal power, the jury was transformed from an instrument of monarchy to a fortress against Wang Quan's dictatorship and safeguarding the rights and interests of the common people. On the path of popularisation. This paper expounds the function of jury system in Anglo-American law system and civil law system from the angle of comparison, and reveals the principle that the jury system has been following from the selection of jurors to the concrete operation of jury system, that is, the civilian principle of jury system. And this kind of ordinary people participation in justice has the value: the civilian democratic value, the civilian justice value, the civilian free value. The author argues that the civilian jury system is the essence of its system, only the civilian jurors can safeguard the interests of civilians. In view of the lack of popularization in the selection and operation of the people's jury system in our country, the author puts forward some tentative suggestions to realize the popularization of the people's jury system from the point of view of the civilian selection of jurors and the civilian participation of jurors. It is expected to promote the further improvement of the judicial system.
【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D926.2
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