法律援助制度的正当性研究

发布时间：2019-01-24 18:20

【摘要】：法律援助制度是我国法律体系和司法实践中的一项非常重要的制度。1994年，我国对这一制度开始进行了试点工作，并于2003年颁布了《中华人民共和国法律援助条例》，逐步在立法上体现它的重要性。然而，纵观历史和国外对这一制度的研究，我国法律援助相对起步晚，制度发展尚不完善。不论是学者们的理论研究，，还是整个法律共同体的司法实践，都没有对法律援助制度的正当性加以重视。它的存在似乎成了一纸空文，弱势群体的合法权益无法得到切实满足。因此，本文正是认识到了这一点，在对国外法律援助制度的演变和发展进行研究的基础上，提炼出法律援助这一制度的正当性，结合我国的历史发展与国情的切实需要，以价值分析为导向，从人权保障机制、权利平等原则、司法公正理念以及社会稳定维度四个方面入手，研究我国法律援助制度存在的正当性基础，得出这一制度适用的必要性，并分析这一制度在我国的适用现状，引出完善之可行性。在构建社会主义法治理念的背景下，对这一制度的完善提出学理上的建议。本文的写作共分为四个部分。以正当性为主线，分别从不同的角度分析和阐述法律援助制度。全文约三万字左右。引言部分：对法律援助制度的正当性进行整体的概括。阐述了这一制度的研究现状，提出了正当性的基本内涵。并由此提出研究法律援助正当性的重要意义。第一部分：以法律援助发展的历史进程为主线，首先对法律援助进行制度本身的内涵分析，然后对这一制度的正当性历程进行梳理。阐述其在萌芽阶段、探索阶段以及形成阶段几个不同时期的存在基础和正当性理论依托。第二部分：在前文对这一制度的正当性演变进行宏观阐述后，这一部分着重分析我国法律援助制度的正当性基础，即政府责任。通过对政府责任的概念发展进行阐述后，在政府责任的指引下剖析我国法律援助制度的正当性。第三部分：对法律援助制度进行价值上的考究。阐述法律援助制度的法律价值与社会价值，为这一制度的正当性提供理论上的支撑，由此指导我国的司法实践。第四部分：在对法律援助制度的政府责任与价值进行分析后，这一部分运用正当性的理论来指引我国法律援助制度的完善。首先分析了我国现阶段法律援助制度的弊病和原因。然后针对这些不足，从我国的实际国情出发，对中国的法律援助工作进行制度性构建，并从立法上进行完善，从而更加符合我国社会主义法律制度的发展。结语：对法律援助制度的正当性进行总结性陈词。并结合当今司法实践，对法律援助制度的正当性进行审视，突出研究的重要性。
[Abstract]:The legal aid system is a very important system in the legal system and judicial practice of our country. In 1994, our country began to carry out pilot work on this system and promulgated the regulations of the people's Republic of China on legal Aid in 2003. Step by step, its importance is embodied in legislation. However, throughout history and foreign research on this system, China's legal aid started relatively late, the system development is not perfect. Neither the theoretical research of scholars nor the judicial practice of the whole legal community has paid much attention to the legitimacy of the legal aid system. Its existence seems to be a dead letter, the legal rights and interests of vulnerable groups can not be effectively satisfied. Therefore, this paper is aware of this point, on the basis of the study of the evolution and development of the foreign legal aid system, the legitimacy of the legal aid system is refined, combined with the historical development of our country and the practical needs of the national conditions. Based on the value analysis, starting with the human rights guarantee mechanism, the principle of equality of rights, the concept of judicial justice and the dimension of social stability, this paper studies the legitimacy of the legal aid system in our country, and concludes the necessity of the application of this system. And analyze the application of this system in China, leading to the feasibility of perfection. Under the background of constructing the idea of socialist rule of law, this paper puts forward some theoretical suggestions on the perfection of this system. This thesis is divided into four parts. Taking legitimacy as the main line, this paper analyzes and expounds the legal aid system from different angles. The full text is about 30,000 words. Introduction: the legitimacy of the legal aid system is summarized as a whole. This paper expounds the present research situation of this system and puts forward the basic connotation of legitimacy. Therefore, the significance of studying the legitimacy of legal aid is put forward. The first part: taking the historical process of the development of legal aid as the main line, firstly analyzes the connotation of the legal aid system itself, and then combs the legitimate course of the legal aid system. This paper expounds the foundation of existence and the theory of legitimacy in the embryonic stage, the exploration stage and the forming stage. The second part: after the macroscopical elaboration on the evolution of the legitimacy of this system, this part focuses on the analysis of the legitimacy of the legal aid system in China, that is, the responsibility of the government. After expounding the concept of government responsibility, the legitimacy of our legal aid system is analyzed under the guidance of government responsibility. The third part: the value of the legal aid system. This paper expounds the legal value and social value of the legal aid system, and provides theoretical support for the legitimacy of the legal aid system, thus guiding the judicial practice in our country. The fourth part: after analyzing the government responsibility and value of legal aid system, this part uses the theory of legitimacy to guide the perfection of our legal aid system. First of all, it analyzes the defects and causes of the current legal aid system in China. Then, in view of these deficiencies, proceeding from the actual situation of our country, we construct the legal aid system of China, and perfect it from the legislation, so as to accord with the development of the socialist legal system of our country more. Conclusion: summing up the legitimacy of the legal aid system. Combining with the current judicial practice, the legitimacy of the legal aid system is examined and the importance of the research is highlighted.
【学位授予单位】：辽宁师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D926

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