论中国司法传统中的人情—兼评能动司法

发布时间：2019-02-12 20:47

【摘要】：“传统”与“现代”不是天然的对立,传统在经历了政权交替和社会变革之后仍然能保持旺盛的生命力,并能在不同的社会形态中以新的样貌展现不变的风姿。人情的含义广泛而复杂。人情在中国司法传统的语境中主要包括了天性、感情、事实、风俗习惯等方面的内容。不仅如此,人情还具有强大的社会功能。它与西方语境中的民意有相似之处,但也有很大的不同。它们在内容、性质、表现和作用方面有很大的不同。我们必须充分理解中国司法传统中的人情。我们必须充分理解封建农民的中国、理解传统法律文化、理解司法中的人情。在近一百年的社会变迁中,人情经历了自身的发展。在意义、功能和强度上它部分地受到了消解,但仍然保留了一部分传统。而社会转型时期的司法,也面临着新的功能要求。在这个背景之下,能动司法的改革举措被提出来。能动司法与“大调解”对于中国的政治、社会和法律具有重要的意义。它也是人情传统在司法实践中的延续和复现。在中国的传统治理模式下,法与治分不开,治与情也分不开,政治与司法分享了相同的终极目的即和谐,而情正是实现这一目的的有效工具和媒介。法与人情在当下社会的转型时期出现矛盾,正是因为作为大多数中国人共识的人情,有了更丰富和复杂的内容,人情的作用与功能也发生了改变。这些内容来自西方法治理念的灌输,与传统的人情天理进行着激烈的碰撞。而一种传统的平衡方法,体现在“能动司法”的倡导和实践中,秉承了中国人自己的“老办法”,以解决中国人自己的“新问题”。中国法律的内涵包含了法治理论中没有的东西,而中国式司法也会呈现与西方司法不同的模式。只有充分理解中国式司法的人情传统,正确评价能动司法改革措施,才能为我们的法治建设作出符合中国国情的预测。
[Abstract]:"tradition" and "modern" are not natural opposites, tradition can still maintain vigorous vitality after regime alternation and social change, and can display the same appearance in different social forms. The meaning of human feelings is wide and complex. In the context of Chinese judicial tradition, human feelings include nature, feelings, facts, customs and so on. Not only that, human relations also have a strong social function. It is similar to public opinion in the western context, but also very different. They differ greatly in content, nature, performance and function. We must fully understand human feelings in Chinese judicial tradition. We must fully understand the feudal peasants of China, understand the traditional legal culture, understand the human relations in the judiciary. In the past 100 years of social change, human feelings have experienced their own development. In meaning, function and strength, it is partially dispelled, but still retains some tradition. The judicial system in the period of social transformation also faces new functional requirements. In this context, active judicial reform measures were put forward. Active judicature and Great Mediation are of great significance to Chinese politics, society and law. It is also the continuation and reproduction of human tradition in judicial practice. Under the traditional governance mode in China, law and governance cannot be separated, and governance and emotion are inseparable. Politics and judicature share the same ultimate goal, that is, harmony, and emotion is the effective tool and medium to achieve this goal. There are contradictions between law and human feelings in the transition period of the present society. It is precisely because as most Chinese people agree that human feelings have richer and more complicated contents, and the functions and functions of human feelings have also changed. These contents come from the indoctrination of the western idea of rule of law and collide violently with the traditional human nature. A traditional balance method, embodied in the advocacy and practice of "active justice", inherits the "old methods" of the Chinese themselves to solve their own "new problems". The connotation of Chinese law contains something that is not found in the theory of rule of law. Only by fully understanding the custom tradition of Chinese judicial system and correctly evaluating the active judicial reform measures can we make a prediction in accordance with China's national conditions for the construction of the rule of law.
【学位授予单位】：南京大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D926

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