论自由心证原则在我国司法中的理解与把握

发布时间：2019-02-26 21:46

【摘要】：司法证明制度是诉讼制度的核心，人类社会不同阶段的不同意识形态产生了不同的司法证明制度。早期绝对自由证明的神明裁判证据制度，将神的意识作为证据裁判的依据。封建社会时期的法定证据制度，通过制定法律规则的形式将证据的证据能力和证明力问题一一规定。资本主义社会时期，人们对司法证明制度有了进一步认识，认为通过有限的规则是无法将证据的有关问题全部反应出来的，只有发挥人的主观能动性并结合一定的法律规则，才能更好的保证司法证明的正确性和审判的公正性。自由心证原则是人们对司法证明认识的回归，是人们做出的最终选择，符合诉讼制度以及诉讼价值的要求，符合事物的认识规律。自由心证原则是指法官或陪审团在认定事实的过程中，基于自己的良心和理性，依据经验法则和逻辑规则，对证据的证明力问题做出自由判断从而形成内心确信的原则或一种证据制度。我国法律虽然对自由心证原则无明确的规定，但我国证据制度中所谓的自由裁量权明显带有自由心证的性质，并且我国立法和相关司法解释中也有关于自由心证原则的相关法律规定。本文主要通过四章对自由心证证据制度及其在我国司法中的理解与把握进行论述：第一章主要论述人类社会不同时期的不同证据制度。由早期绝对自由的神明裁判制度开始，到法定证据制度，再到自由心证原则或自由心证证据制度逐一论述，介绍了不同证据制度产生的时间、历史背景等，并对各种证据制度进行全面、客观的评价，从中引出了本文论述的主题。第二章则对自由心证原则进行全面概述。描述了有关自由心证原则内容、价值和适用的主体、客体、方法论要求和自由心证所要达到的证明标准问题。第三章则对我国立法进行梳理。首先，通过梳理法制史，找出自由心证原则在我国的引入轨迹；其次，通过梳理当下的立法与有关司法解释，找出我国现行立法和司法解释中有关自由心证的相关法律规定；最后，分析自由心证原则在我国司法应用中存在的现实问题。第四章主要通过对自由心证原则与证据裁判原则、辩论原则、相关证据规则、经验法则和逻辑规则、证明标准等问题的关系的全面论述，更加全面、深刻理解和把握自由心证原则，，以更好的指导我国司法实践。最后，结语中总结性的提出法官认定事实中的自由与不自由，结束全文。
[Abstract]:Judicial proof system is the core of litigation system. Different ideologies in different stages of human society have produced different judicial certification system. The early absolute freedom of proof of the evidence system of the divine judgment, the consciousness of God as the basis for evidentiary adjudication. The legal evidence system in feudal society regulates the evidentiary ability and probative power of evidence in the form of making legal rules. In the capitalist society, people have a further understanding of the judicial proof system, and think that it is impossible to reflect all the relevant problems of evidence through the limited rules, only to give full play to the subjective initiative of human beings and to combine certain legal rules. In order to better guarantee the correctness of judicial proof and justice of the trial. The principle of free proof is the return of people's knowledge of judicial proof, the final choice made by people, accords with the requirements of litigation system and the value of litigation, and accords with the law of cognition of things. The principle of free evidence means that a judge or jury, in the course of determining the facts, is based on his conscience and reason, on the basis of the rule of thumb and the rules of logic. The principle or system of evidence formed by freely judging the probative power of evidence. Although there is no clear stipulation on the principle of free heart evidence in our country's law, the so-called discretion in the evidence system of our country is obviously of the nature of free heart evidence. And in our legislation and related judicial interpretation, there are also relevant legal provisions on the principle of free evidence. This article mainly through the four chapters to the free heart evidence system and its understanding and grasp in our country judicature carries on the elaboration: the first chapter mainly discusses the human society different time different evidence system. Starting from the early absolute freedom of the divine judgment system, to the legal evidence system, to the principle of free heart evidence or the free heart evidence system one by one, this paper introduces the time and historical background of the emergence of different evidence systems. And to all kinds of evidence system to carry on the comprehensive, the objective appraisal, from which leads to the topic which this article discusses. The second chapter gives a comprehensive overview of the principle of free heart evidence. This paper describes the content, value and applicable subject, object, methodology requirements of the principle of free-core evidence and the standard of proof to be met by free-core evidence. The third chapter combs the legislation of our country. First of all, by combing the history of legal system, find out the introduction of the principle of free-mind evidence in our country; secondly, through combing the current legislation and relevant judicial interpretation, find out the relevant legal provisions of the current legislation and judicial interpretation of our country about the free-mind evidence; Finally, this paper analyzes the practical problems existing in the judicial application of the principle of free-mind evidence. The fourth chapter mainly discusses the relationship between the principle of free-mind evidence and the principle of adjudication of evidence, the principle of debate, the relevant rules of evidence, the rule of thumb and the rules of logic, the standard of proof, and so on, which is more comprehensive. Deeply understand and grasp the principle of free proof, in order to better guide our judicial practice. Finally, the conclusion of the judge found the fact of freedom and non-freedom, the end of the full text.
【学位授予单位】：华东政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D926

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