有限责任公司股东除名法律制度研究

发布时间：2018-01-11 23:07

本文关键词：有限责任公司股东除名法律制度研究　出处：《中国政法大学》2012年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：有限责任公司本质上属于资合公司，但又具有明显的人合性，是法学家们理想构建的产物，自产生就备受欧美投资者的青睐，发展至今现已成为大多数国家数量最多的企业形式，占据着举足轻重的经济地位，在我国亦然。实务运作中，有限责任公司往往伴随着内部信息公示不强、外部监控不力、股东易滥用权利等弊病而极易滋生纠纷。当某股东因自身因素的变化或某行为的实施与公司及其他股东整体利益相背离，从而诱发股东间的矛盾，并进一步破坏到公司人合性基础时，囿于公司天然的封闭性，公司常因个别股东的拖累而陷入困境，最终或危及公司存续，，或使其他股东的利益受损。在我国现行《公司法》体系下，因特定股东原因导致公司运行不畅时，其他股东可通过股权转让或行使股权回购请求权的方式主动退出公司；当公司陷入僵局时，还可以提请法院将其解散。然而公司解散无异于同归于尽，对于希望公司存续的股东和公司来讲，并不是最好的结果；主动放弃公司，往往也是股东的无奈之举。在这种情况下，公司和其他股东所需的乃是将拖累公司的个别股东驱逐出去，股东除名制度遂应运而生。这一制度在以德国为代表的国家及地区已发展了数十年，我国公司法的缺位实为憾事。本文写作的目的正欲通过比较法研究，最终对我国有限责任公司股东除名制度的构建提出建议。本文分为引言、正文和结论三个部分。引言部分总结了有限责任公司在我国国民经济中的重要地位以及现行法律规范现状，提出我国建立有限责任公司股东除名法律制度的现实必要性，股东除名制度在公司法上的确立，从根本上讲，是源于公司内部利益冲突解决的客观需要1，研究该问题对于解决有限责任公司中因不合群股东引发的内部矛盾问题具有重要意义。正文部分分为四章。第一章“有限责任公司的本质属性”。本章立足于有限责任公司，指出其本质属性是深具人合性的资合公司，其与生俱来的人合性使得公司尤其注重股东间的人身关系，这为公司治理带来了特殊问题，在此基础上引出股东除名制度是化解该问题的有效途径。本章通过对有限责任公司本质属性的分析，旨在得出股东除名制度是公司内在属性的需要，具有建立必要性的结论，为其后章节做出铺垫。第二章“股东除名法律制度的概述”。本章论述了股东除名制度的基本问题，包括它的基本内涵、制度的法律属性，在将其与我国现存的公司法内部冲突解决机制（如股权转让、异议股东股权回购、司法解散制度）比较过程中，论证了其不可代替的制度优势，以此说明股东除名制度具有特殊的存在价值，并从社团自治理论、团体可分解性以及公司契约理论对股东除名制度的正当性进行了解读，最后从公司和股东两个方面讨论了除名制度的功能，相较于司法解散制度具有企业维持功能，相较于股权转让和异议股东股权回购而言，更有利于维护股东的合理期待。第三章“有限责任公司股东除名制度的比较考察”。本章对大陆法系的典型国家德国和英美法系的典型国家美国的相关制度及其实践进行了比较分析，旨在为制度构建提供参考。第四章“我国有限责任公司股东除名制度的构建”。本章首先对我国现行法律制度中的冲突解决机制做了简要梳理，指出现行体系下存在的不足，最后在此基础上提出了对我国股东除名制度的法律建构。包括实体要件和程序要件两个部分。实体要件包括除名事由、拟除名股东主观状态；程序要件包括股东除名程序、被除名股东股权处置程序以及对被除名股东的权利救济程序。最后，本文从法律的作用到现实需要，以及兼顾利害关系人利益、调和冲突的角度主张采用利益平衡的观点，从而得出应引进有限责任公司除名制度的结论。
[Abstract]:The limited liability company belongs to the Capital company, but also has obvious personal nature, is a product of the construction of jurists ideal, it was European investors, since the development of most countries has become the largest number of enterprises, plays an important role in China's economy, vice versa.
In the practical operation, the limited liability company is often accompanied by internal information publicity is not strong, lack of external supervision, to abuse the rights of shareholders abuse can easily create disputes. When a company changes its shareholders for implementation and factors or certain behavior and other shareholders to deviate from the overall interests, conflicts between shareholders and further induced. Damage to the company of limited company based, closed natural company, often due to individual shareholders drag in the predicament, finally or endanger the existence of the company, or to other shareholders' interests. In China's current "Company Law > system, because the specific reason for the company's shareholders running sluggish, other shareholders through stock transfer or the right to request the exercise of equity repurchase way to take the initiative to withdraw from the company; when the company deadlock, can also be brought to the court to dissolve it. However, the dissolution of the company is to try to come to. In the hope that the existence of the company's shareholders and companies, and not the best results; take the initiative to give up the company, shareholders often upset. In this case, the company and other shareholders required but will drag on the company's individual shareholders expelled, the expulsion system gradually came into being. This system has been developed in the country and area represented by Germany for decades, the company law of China. It is a pity that the absence of the purpose of this paper is to through the study of comparative law, the final construction of the expulsion of shareholder limited liability company in China and puts forward some suggestions.
This article is divided into three parts: introduction, text and conclusion.
The introduction part summarizes the important status of limited liability company in China's national economy and the current legal situation, put forward the realistic necessity of establishing the legal system of the expulsion of the limited liability company in our country, the establishment of the expulsion of shareholder in the company law, fundamentally speaking, is the objective needs from internal conflict of interests between the 1, the study has important significance for internal conflicts caused by asocial shareholders in the limited liability company to solve.
The body part is divided into four chapters.
The first chapter of "nature" of the limited liability company. This chapter is based on the limited liability company, pointed out that its essence is the deep personal nature of the Capital company, its inherent character makes companies with particular emphasis on the personal relationship between shareholders, which brings special problems for corporate governance, on the basis of leads to the expulsion of shareholder is an effective way to solve this problem. This chapter through the analysis of the nature of the limited liability company, in order to find out the shareholder expulsion system is the need of the intrinsic attribute of the company, has the necessity to establish the conclusion, make a prepare for the following chapters.
The second chapter summarizes the legal system of expulsion. This chapter discusses the basic problems of the expulsion system, including its basic connotation, legal property system, in the existing company law and China's internal conflict resolution mechanisms (such as equity transfer, the dissenting shareholders' equity repurchase and judicial dissolution system) process that demonstrates the irreplaceable advantages of the system, in order to explain the expulsion of shareholder has special value, and from the community autonomy theory, groups can be understood and read the decomposition of company contract theory of shareholder expulsion system legitimacy, finally removed from the system function are discussed from two aspects of the company and shareholders, phase compared with the system of judicial dissolution of enterprises has the function of maintaining, compared to the equity transfer and shareholders equity repurchase, more conducive to maintain the reasonable expectations of shareholders.
The third chapter is "comparative investigation of shareholder's delisting system in limited liability company". This chapter makes a comparative analysis of the relevant systems and practices in typical countries of the continental law system in Germany and Anglo American law system, aiming to provide references for the establishment of the system.
The fourth chapter "China limited liability company shareholder expulsion system construction". The first chapter of China's current legal system conflict solving mechanism in a brief review, pointed out the shortage existing in the system, finally put forward on the basis of the construction of our country's law. The expulsion system includes two parts entity essentials and procedures. The entity elements including expulsion, expulsion of shareholders to the subjective state; procedural elements including the expulsion procedure, the expelled shareholder equity disposal procedures and the expelled shareholder rights relief program.
Finally, from the point of view of the role of law to the actual needs, and the interests of stakeholders, and reconciling conflicts, this paper advocates the idea of balancing interests, and concludes that the delisting system of limited liability companies should be introduced.

【学位授予单位】：中国政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D922.291.91

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