有限公司股东优先购买权制度研究

发布时间：2018-01-20 09:31

本文关键词： 股东优先购买权股权协议效力股东通知义务同等条件侵权救济　出处：《大连海事大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：在公司纠纷案件中,股权转让纠纷占其半数以上,其中争议甚大的是优先购买权纠纷。优先购买权作为股东一项权利,其行权程序和救济都应通过法律进行详细规定。涉及优先购买权制度的法条只有《公司法》第71条、第72条,且两法条内容设计极其简化。当出现先购买权实务纠纷时,往往出现"无法可依"的窘态。2016年10月最高人民法院原则性通过的《公司法司法解释四》(征求意见稿),对股东优先购买权问题启用多个法条进行完善性补充规定,但是内容仍显简单,许多问题仍未解决。因此,我国股东优先购买权制度的法律规定仍处于不完备状态,亟待制度理论研究支持相应立法内容。首先,本文以优先购买权制度的基本理论为基础,结合学说理论厘定优先购买权的法定性质,确定股东优先购买权制度前提;再次,采用理论结合实践的研究策略,通过法律实证分析方法,即选取45个有效样本围绕"书面通知条款内容、出卖股东有无表决权、股东行权时间、同等条件履行方式以及侵害优先购买权对股权转让协议的效力"五个方面进行线性分析,归纳概括出我国公司实务中股东优先购买权的实践状况。对既得数据的以论据形式对股东优先购买权的行使、所涉法律效果进行论证,重构有限公司股东优先购买权行使程序规则。之后,结合我国相关合同法理论与德国"相对无效合同"理论,着重探讨侵害股东优先购买权模式下股权转让协议以及股权变动的效力。最后,从法理角度论证侵害股东优先购买权适用侵权责任进行救济的可能性,完善股东优先购买权救济制度的具体内容,并对相应内容的实践履行方式可能性加以论证。以股东优先购买权制度的通知程序、同等条件认定、权利瑕疵对股权转让协议的效力和优先购买权救济为切入点,倡导从股权转让宏观角度对股东优先购买权的效力以及司法实务中常见疑难程序问题进行剖析,对股东优先购买权制度现存的三大重要问题进行解读和制度重构,完善股东优先购买权制度,以期对未来的公司法立法提供有力的理论支持。
[Abstract]:In the case of company dispute, the dispute of equity transfer accounts for more than half of the disputes, among which the dispute is the dispute of the preemptive right. The preemptive right is a right of shareholders. The procedure and relief should be regulated by law. Only Article 71 and Article 72 of the Company Law refer to the system of preemption right. And the content design of the two laws is extremely simplified. When there is a substantive dispute over the right of first purchase. In October 2016, the Supreme people's Court adopted in principle the fourth Judicial interpretation of Company Law (draft for soliciting opinions). On the issue of shareholders' preemptive right to use a number of laws to complete the supplementary provisions, but the content is still clear simple, many problems have not been resolved. The legal provisions of the system of prior purchase right of shareholders in China are still in an incomplete state. It is urgent to study the system theory to support the corresponding legislative content. Firstly, this paper is based on the basic theory of the system of priority purchase right. Combined with the theory of theory to determine the legal nature of the preemptive right to determine the premise of the system of preemption rights of shareholders; Thirdly, using the theory combined with practice research strategy, through the legal empirical analysis method, that is to select 45 effective samples around the "written notice clause" content, selling shareholders have voting rights, shareholders exercise time. This paper makes a linear analysis on the performance of equal conditions and the effectiveness of the equity transfer agreement by infringing on the preemptive right. Summarize the practice of shareholders' preemptive right in our company practice, and demonstrate the legal effect of the existing data in the form of argument to the exercise of shareholders' preemptive right. After reconstructing the procedural rules of shareholders' prior purchase right of limited company, combining with the theory of contract law of our country and the theory of "relatively invalid contract" in Germany. This paper mainly discusses the effect of equity transfer agreement and stock right change under the mode of infringing shareholders' preemption right. Finally, from the angle of legal theory, it demonstrates the possibility of applying tort liability to remedy the infringement of shareholders' preemption right. To perfect the specific content of the relief system of shareholders' preemption right, and to demonstrate the possibility of the practical performance of the corresponding content, and to confirm the same conditions with the notice procedure of the shareholder's preemption right system. The defects of rights on the effectiveness of the equity transfer agreement and priority right relief as a starting point, advocate from the macro perspective of equity transfer of shareholders priority right effectiveness and judicial practice in common difficult procedural issues. This paper interprets and reconstructs the three important problems existing in the system of shareholders' preemption right, and consummates the system of shareholders' preemption right in order to provide strong theoretical support for the legislation of company law in the future.
【学位授予单位】：大连海事大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D922.291.91

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