论公司人格否认在司法裁判中的适用

发布时间：2018-01-21 07:58

本文关键词： 公司人格否认适用困境原因分析理论设想　出处：《中国政法大学》2011年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：公司独立人格和股东有限责任作为公司法人制度的两大基石,是公司发展进程中的重大历史进步。然而,随着市场经济的发展,公司法人制度在具体运作中出现种种异化,某些股东利用有限责任是以损害债权人的合法权益为代价。为了平衡股东权利与债权人利益,实现法律上的公平和正义,美国率先创设了公司人格否认法理。公司人格否认并非对公司法人制度的否认,而是对其的补充和升华,可以有效维护法人制度的健康发展。因应司法实践的需要,我国在借鉴国外理论和司法经验的基础上,将公司人格否认引入成文法,为法官适用该制度提供了合法依据。然而,该规定在司法实践中的应用并不乐观,公司人格否认的立法意图并未得到真正实现,这应当引起理论界和实务界的足够关注。本文主要采用了法解释学的方法、归纳的方法、比较的方法和案例分析法来探讨公司人格否认的理论和实践问题,着重论述公司人格否认在我国司法裁判中的适用。文章分四部分,主要内容如下: 第一部分公司人格否认概述。首先,对公司人格否认的概念进行简要介绍。其次,分析该制度产生的原因,即为了矫正股东与债权人的利益失衡,实现法律公平、正义之价值。第二部分公司人格否认在我国的应用。首先,通过梳理公司人格否认的相关立法,展现该制度在我国从无到有的发展历程。其次,通过比较《公司法》修订前后公司人格否认的司法实践,指出该制度在我国依然面临适用困境。第三部分公司人格否认适用困难的原因分析,此部分是本文的核心。笔者通过理论阅读和案例分析发现主要存在以下原因:立法规定过于原则,当事人范围、制度适用范围和承担责任方式不明确等导致司法实践混乱;举证责任分配不合理,造成该制度形同虚设;法官业务水平和特定思维的束缚,限制了该制度的正确应用;理论供给不足,难以指导司法实践。第四部分公司人格否认适用的理论设想。为化解公司人格否认在我国的适用困境,正确发挥其矫正正义的作用,笔者建议从进一步明确适用条件和推行案例指导来进一步完善该制度。同时,矫枉不能过正,适用公司人格否认时需遵循穷尽救济原则和被动适用原则,保持必要的谦抑。我国将公司人格否认成文化是公司立法上的一大突破,但另一方面,该规定在司法实践中的前景却不能盲目乐观,该制度在我国有效实施尚面临诸多问题。如何化解成文规定的局限性与公司实践的多样性的矛盾,稳妥适用公司人格否认,值得理论界和实务界进行深入分析和探究。笔者自知能力有限,试对该问题进行分析,以期对化解公司人格否认适用困境有所帮助。
[Abstract]:The independent personality of the company and the limited liability of shareholders, as the two cornerstones of the corporate legal person system, are the major historical progress in the development of the company. However, with the development of the market economy. There are various dissimilations in the concrete operation of the corporate legal person system. Some shareholders use limited liability at the expense of damaging the legitimate rights and interests of creditors in order to balance the rights of shareholders and the interests of creditors. To achieve legal fairness and justice, the United States took the lead in creating the legal theory of corporate personality denial. Corporate personality denial is not a denial of corporate legal system, but a supplement and sublimation to it. It can effectively maintain the healthy development of the legal person system. In order to meet the needs of judicial practice, on the basis of drawing lessons from foreign theories and judicial experience, our country introduces corporate personality denial into statutory law, which provides a legal basis for judges to apply the system. The application of this regulation in judicial practice is not optimistic, and the legislative intention of corporate personality denial has not been really realized, which should be paid enough attention to by the theorists and practitioners. This paper mainly uses the method of legal hermeneutics, inductive method, comparative method and case analysis to discuss the theory and practice of corporate personality denial. The article is divided into four parts, the main content is as follows: The first part is an overview of the denial of corporate personality. First, the concept of corporate personality denial is briefly introduced. Secondly, the causes of the system are analyzed, that is, to correct the interests of shareholders and creditors imbalance. To realize the value of legal fairness and justice. The second part is the application of corporate personality denial in our country. Firstly, by combing the relevant legislation of corporate personality denial, it shows the development of the system in our country from scratch. Secondly. By comparing the judicial practice of corporate personality denial before and after the revision of Company Law, the author points out that the system is still facing difficulties in application in China. The third part is the analysis of the reasons why it is difficult to apply the corporate personality denial, this part is the core of this article. Through theoretical reading and case analysis, the author finds that there are the following main reasons: the legislative provisions are too principle, the scope of the parties. The scope of application of the system and the way of assuming responsibility are not clear, which leads to confusion in judicial practice. The distribution of the burden of proof is unreasonable, which causes the system to be virtual; The restriction of judges' professional level and specific thinking limits the correct application of the system; The theory supply is insufficient, difficult to guide the judicial practice. 4th part of the theoretical assumption of the application of corporate personality denial. In order to resolve the plight of corporate personality denial in our country, correctly play its role of corrective justice. The author suggests that the system should be further improved by further clarifying the applicable conditions and carrying out case guidance. At the same time, we should follow the principle of exhaustion relief and the principle of passive application when applying the denial of corporate personality. Keep the necessary modesty. It is a breakthrough to deny corporate personality as culture in our country, but on the other hand, the prospect of this provision in judicial practice can not be blindly optimistic. The effective implementation of this system in China is still facing many problems. How to resolve the limitations of the written provisions and the diversity of corporate practice, and how to safely apply the denial of corporate personality. It is worthy of deep analysis and exploration by the theoretical and practical circles. The author has limited self-knowledge ability and tries to analyze this problem in order to help resolve the dilemma of corporate personality denial.
【学位授予单位】：中国政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D922.291.91

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