瑕疵出资股东的股东权利限制研究

发布时间：2018-02-25 00:16

本文关键词： 瑕疵出资股东权利限制　出处：《中国政法大学》2011年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：股东出资是股东对公司的基本义务,股东应当足额缴纳公司章程中各自认缴的出资额。股东出资构成的公司资本是公司取得法人资格的前提,也是公司进行经营活动的基本物质条件。然而,实践中各种形式的股东瑕疵出资层出不穷,这一方面严重影响公司资本的充实,损害了其他股东以及公司的整体利益,另一方面也加大了市场交易风险,影响交易安全,间接的损害了公司债权人的利益。如果股东出资存在瑕疵,其是否能够享有股东资格,又是否能够享有股东权利,如果能够享有股东权利,那么该等权利应否受到限制,由于我国《公司法》对这些问题缺少相对明确的规定,理论界陷入了长期的争论。本文在对股东权利理论进行系统梳理的基础上,以瑕疵出资股东的股东资格为切入点,分析了股东出资、股东资格以及股东权利三者之间的关系,明确瑕疵出资股东的股东权利应该受到限制,并在对瑕疵出资股东股东权利限制进行系统法律分析的基础上,提出了该等限制的原则性标准及路径,进而提出了完善我国瑕疵出资股东股东权利限制制度的建议。本文除引言与结论以外,正文共分四章,各章基本内容如下: 第一章对股东权利理论进行了系统的梳理。股东权利是股东基于其股东资格对公司所享有的权利的总和,是一种特殊的社员权,具体包括资产收益权、参与公司经理管理权、知情权等多种权利。股东权利的权利基础应定位于股东资格的取得而非其他。第二章探讨了瑕疵出资对股东资格及股东权利的影响。股东违反其出资义务即构成瑕疵出资。股东资格的取得与实际出资之间并不具有必然的对应关系,瑕疵出资者可以拥有股东资格。股东资格是股东股权产生的基础,但取得股东资格并不意味着享有完整的股东权利,如果股东存在出资瑕疵,其股东权利则应当受到相应的限制。第三章对瑕疵出资股东的股东权利限制进行了深入的法律分析。瑕疵出资股东股权限制的正当性表现在公司契约理论、股东平等原则、公平正义理念、诚实信用原则以及利益衡平等多个方面。在股东瑕疵出资的情况下,其比例股权应根据瑕疵出资的实际情况受到相应的限制,原则上应按照实缴出资比例行使,而非比例股权则不应受到限制。就瑕疵出资股东股东权利限制的路径而言,有通过法律法规或司法解释、公司章程以及股东会决议进行限制等几种。第四章提出了完善我国瑕疵出资股东股东权利限制的法律思考。我国现行立法和司法对瑕疵出资股东股东权利限制的规制尚有有待完善之处,应从限制标准、限制路径等方面进行进一步明确界定,并在此基础上对我国瑕疵出资股东除名制度进行完善。
[Abstract]:The shareholder's capital contribution is the basic obligation of the shareholder to the company, and the shareholder shall pay in full the amount of the capital subscribed to in the articles of association of the company. The capital of the company constituted by the shareholder's contribution is the prerequisite for the company to acquire the status of a legal person, It is also the basic material condition for the company to carry out business activities. However, in practice, various forms of defective investment of shareholders emerge in endlessly. On the one hand, this seriously affects the enrichment of the company's capital and damages the interests of other shareholders and the company as a whole. On the other hand, it also increases the market transaction risk, affects the transaction security, and indirectly damages the interests of the creditors. If the shareholder's contribution is defective, whether he can enjoy the shareholder's qualification, whether he can enjoy the shareholder's rights, and if so, whether such rights should be restricted, Due to the lack of a relatively clear regulation on these issues in the Company Law of our country, the theoretical circle has been involved in a long period of controversy. On the basis of systematically combing the theory of the rights of shareholders, this paper takes the shareholder qualification of defective shareholders as the starting point. This paper analyzes the relationship among shareholders' capital contribution, shareholder qualification and shareholders' rights, and clarifies that the shareholders' rights should be restricted, and on the basis of systematic legal analysis of the limitation of shareholders' rights, This paper puts forward the principle standard and path of these restrictions, and then puts forward some suggestions to perfect the restriction system of shareholders' rights of defective capital contribution in our country. In addition to the introduction and conclusions, the text is divided into four chapters, the basic content of each chapter is as follows:. The first chapter systematically combs the theory of shareholder's rights. The shareholder's right is the sum of the shareholders' rights to the company based on their shareholders' qualifications, and it is a special kind of membership right, including the right of asset gains, the right of participating in the management of the manager of the company. The right to know and other rights. The right basis of shareholders' rights should be based on the acquisition of shareholders' qualifications rather than other rights. The second chapter discusses the influence of defective capital contribution on the qualification and rights of shareholders. The shareholders who violate their obligation to contribute constitute defective capital contribution, and there is no necessary corresponding relationship between the acquisition of shareholders' qualification and the actual contribution. The shareholder qualification is the basis of the shareholder's equity, but obtaining the shareholder's qualification does not mean that the shareholder's rights are complete, if the shareholder's contribution is defective, Its shareholder rights should be subject to corresponding restrictions. The third chapter makes a deep legal analysis on the limitation of shareholders' rights. The legitimacy of the limitation of shareholders' rights is manifested in the theory of company contract, the principle of equality of shareholders, the idea of fairness and justice. The principle of good faith and the balance of interests. In the case of defective capital contribution by shareholders, the proportional equity should be restricted according to the actual situation of the defective contribution, and in principle should be exercised in proportion to the actual contribution. But the non-proportional equity should not be restricted. As far as the ways of restricting shareholders' rights of defective capital contribution are concerned, there are several kinds of restrictions through laws, regulations or judicial interpretations, articles of association of companies and decisions of shareholders' meetings. Chapter 4th puts forward the legal thinking of perfecting the limitation of shareholders' rights of defective capital contribution in our country. The current legislation and judicature of our country still need to perfect the regulation of shareholders' rights restriction of defective capital contribution, which should be based on the limitation standard. The limitation path is further defined, and on this basis, the system of shareholder delisting of defective capital contribution in China is improved.
【学位授予单位】：中国政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D922.291.91

【引证文献】